Konzervacija i restauracija plafonske dekoracije Svečane sale Jadransko-podunavske banke, danas Palate nauke u Beogradu - Zadužbine Miodraga Kostića

Formulation of the problem. The large volume of historic buildings that require major repairs, reconstruction and adaptation to modern use dictates the need to move to faster and more reliable technologies of architectural monuments restoration. In this regard, there is a need for a complex approach during the restoration work. The purpose of the article is to investigate the difficulty of obtaining the correct conclusions about the geological conditions of the building placement as a result of previously unqualified repair works on the example of engineering-geological surveys during the reconstruction of a historic building. Materials and methods. To achieve the goal, the analysis of engineering-geological conditions of the soil base of the building, visual inspection of the building, soil sampling from the pits in the basement of the survey object, as well as determining the physical-mechanical characteristics of the soil have been done. An analytical comparison of these data was performed to understand the constructive solution of the building foundations and engineering-geological conditions of their support. Results. During the working process, the lack of design and executive documentation for the building, as well as unqualified interference in its structure, was revealed. Therefore, one of the key issues was to determine the actual structure of the foundation, as well as the type and condition of its soil base. As a result of a complex analysis of the structural scheme of the underground part of the building, it was established that the basement was equipped after the construction of the building. To determine the structure, depth and condition of the foundation, pits were laid from the frontal and back walls of the building facade, which is adjacent to the site. During the laboratory studies of the soils, physical-mechanical characteristics were obtained for calculating building structures. Based on the data obtained, recommendations were issued for the further reconstruction of a non-residential building of the historical development of the city. Scientific novelty and practical significance. The necessity to research the actual technical state of building structures of a historical building is substantiated to assess the possibility of further reliable and safe operation according to its direct functional purpose, with the development of technical solutions and recommendations for further reconstruction of the building according to the needs of the customer, and ensuring its further uninterrupted and safe ope-ration. The practical application of the proposed results has been substantiated - the need for a complex approach during the restoration work for the further reconstruction of a non-residential building of the historical buildings of the city has been confirmed.

SUMMARY
 The stone sculpture of the Virgin Mary from the facade of the church Our Lady of Consolation in Żyrardów is one of the numerous sculptural implementations of Andrzej Pruszyński workshop. In 2018 the monument was under conservation and restoration works. Preliminary macroscopic examination of the monument showed that under the numerous secondary layers of paint on the stone sculpture there is a dark green, multi-deck colour layer that could imitate a statue had made in bronze casting technique. As a result samples were taken and subjected to laboratory analysis. The research carried out allowed us to conclude that the described layer is kind of a secondary nature and is a testimony to the restoration of the monument probably after the end of World War I. It was decided not to remove the patina and to fill in the gaps in the course of the ongoing restoration and conservation works. This layer had historical and documentary value and was a testimony to the popular in the 19th century and probably known at the beginning of the 20th century practice of patinating sculptures made in less noble and less durable material than bronze. Moreover, in the course of conservation works later layers of paint and cement repairs were removed. Then the structure of weakened limestone rock was strengthened and numerous small losses of stone were filled in. As a witness the defect on the left knee of the figure was left without filling in. It is a trace of the bullet that was probably created during World War I. Moreover, the missing figure’s right hand was reconstructed. A reconstruction of the gilded halo was also made. The design of the conservation work programme is always a very complex process as it requires the simultaneous consideration of many factors. The aesthetic and historical interpretation of the work is important, the understanding of the author’s concept and the essence of the destructive processes. In the case of the described sculpture from Żyrardów it was also necessary to take into account the technical possibilities, take into account the expectations of the owner and users, or customers in general, as well as the conservation community. Preservation and restoration solutions adopted in the work programme, including hand reconstruction and unveiling of the following items and the restoration of a painting layer imitating a green patina, restored historical artistic values to the monument. The aesthetic effect achieved this way brings a new quality to work that can be the object of criticism but by restoring the sculpture’s lost aesthetic values it is possible to continue to function as an object of religious worship.

Rational use of resources requires a new approach to many management issues. Renewal of residential and industrial production potential based on the reconstruction and technical conversion of buildings using new technologies is the shortest way to increase the quality level and competitiveness of domestic products, the integration of the economy of Ukraine into the European and World Community, to the successful functioning of production entities in market conditions. Carrying out repair and restoration works of buildings within the specified time depends to a large extent on providing them with a sufficient amount of technical resources in a timely manner, the need for which is determined not only by the volume of work, but also by the conditions of operation. Being a specific type of construction production, repair and restoration works are performed in more difficult conditions, which significantly affect the efficiency of construction machines and equipment and the quantitative composition of the used resources. The production conditions of repair and restoration work do not always allow the use of typical machines, known technological schemes of work performance. For repair and restoration work in the conditions of an operating enterprise in hard-to-reach places, it is necessary to have fundamentally new schemes and appropriate equipment adapted for work in hard-to-reach places, and structures with a complex configuration at height. The use of a typical set of mechanisms reduces the efficiency of their use, reduces productivity, increasing the duration of the repair cycle and the consumption of materials. The existing methods of determining construction needs in equipment do not allow to properly take into account the production conditions inherent in repair and restoration works, to assess their impact on the efficiency of use. This leads to an underestimation of resource needs, which negatively affects the work of construction organizations and the quality of work. During repair and restoration works, the issues of heterogeneity, dispersion and small volume of the performed works become more relevant. Execution of a complex of works uncharacteristic for new construction: replacement or restoration of individual structural elements, replacement of anti-corrosion coatings on individual areas, etc. All work is performed in difficult conditions, which often significantly affects the general scheme of organization and technology of work. Increasing the efficiency of repair and restoration works depends on the level of automation. The conditions of repair and restoration work in hard-to-reach places are reflected in the principles of the technology of automated processes, taking into account the factors of compactness, limited space, difficult access, various configurations, etc. The most time-consuming processes are: preparation of surfaces, cleaning and application of anti-corrosion coatings. Therefore, the question of choosing rational options for automating these works determines the level of exploitation. All this requires the development of more advanced mechanisms of automated systems. The process of repair and restoration works is complicated due to the greater variety of volume-planning and constructive solutions. Therefore, a difficult and important problem is the industrialization and improvement of the quality of the coating in the conditions of the objects that are operated.

Proceedings of the 22nd Conference on the Rehabilitation and Reconstruction of Buildings (CRRB, Brno, Czech Republic, November 19, 2020) result from the discussion of new trends and procedures in the rehabilitation and reconstruction of buildings and structures. This collection will be useful and interesting for many engineers and researchers which activity is related to this area of construction.

One of the biggest problems in architectural restoration works is to actually repair the ‘structure’ which is already problematic and lacking without letting it deteriorate even further. In the last few years, work of architectural restoration in Turkey is on the rise. These works, that are generally large monumental buildings with many problems, are planned to progress on a long timeline of several years. During this period to work safely, comfortably and without letting the structure deteriorate further due to external weather conditions such as rain, wind and snow on the roofing structure, outer facades and even in the foundations, temporary cover systems or, more appropriately, emergency protection systems are designed and applied. These temporary cover systems are sometimes wooden, simple steel construction or space frame systems depending on the problems, the applicability and the physical conditions. The applicability is generally decided according to the structural problems examined at the project phase. However a holistic evaluation on the necessity, design regulations, technology, cost, the effects on the conservation process, and the efficiency of these systems is not made, but only partial evaluations are. It is also obvious that this subject needs to be analyzed in comparison with the approaches, applications and techniques outside of Turkey. In this paper an analysis of the decision making process, the design phase, efficiency, technology, cost and the effects on restoration and conservation works of such temporary cover systems will be presented.

During restoration works carried out under the direction of the Archaeological Superintendence of Salerno, Avellino and Benevento, a three-dimensional survey was carried out aimed at the documentation of performed restoration works, setting-up for museum exhibitions and the monitoring of the Arco di Traiano in Benevento. The potentialities of 3D documentation are wide-ranging and not only limited to the cataloguing, but aimed at different kind of development: analysis of details, planning and structuring of restoration and conservation works, 3D printing to realize scaled copies without plaster cast operations, mapping of the state of conservation. The 3D model becomes a tool of knowledge and analysis, the use of which is expected to grow exponentially in the coming years, also in relation to the increase in computing power and graphical display of devices such as notebooks, tablets, smartphones and dissemination of "broadband" for the interconnection of data transmission.

<p class="Keywords">Djenane Abd-el-Tif is an example of an Algerian summer residence dating from the Ottoman era. This type of building is not very well-known and remains marginalized in research that is more interested in the townhouses of the medina of Algiers. Yet, the gardens, the ingenious irrigation systems, fountains, and other patterns of Islamic gardens make of these <em>djenane</em> a unique typology worth exploring and preserving. Indeed, Islamic garden design is an art in itself and any restoration or conservation work should preserve the authenticity of its characteristics. The djenane Abd-el-Tif was fully restored following the damage caused by the Boumerdès earthquake in 2003. This led to the discovery of various elements that are particularly informative about its architecture and composition. It also highlighted the existence of valuable Islamic garden patterns, together with the djenane’s exceptional flora, which could provide added-value to the tourism potential of such residences. However, if restoration work has saved the djenane Abd-el-Tif, its garden with its Islamic design characteristics is not yet fully investigated nor listed as a cultural heritage. This article presents the djenane as a cultural heritage and argues that right restoration and reuse could contribute to enhancing knowledge about Islamic garden design in North Africa.</p>

W latach 2013 i 2014 trwały prace konserwatorskie przy rękopisach i starych drukach karaimskich prowadzone przez prof. dr hab. Elżbietę Jabłońską, i dr Małgorzatę Pronobis–Gajdzis. Oba projekty zostały zrealizowane przez Związek Karaimów Polskich z dotacji celowej Ministerstwa Kultury i Dziedzictwa Narodowego. Kwalifikacja obiektów do konserwacji i restauracji odbyła się na podstawie oceny stanu zachowania całej kolekcji starych druków i rękopisów znajdujących się w prywatnych zbiorach, przygotowanej przez mgr Magdalenę Dalke. Wytypowane do konserwacji książki były w bardzo złym stanie zachowania, przede wszystkim były bardzo brudne, niektóre posiadały duże zniszczenia mechaniczne. Stan zachowania kodeksów stanowił przesłankę do podjęcia natychmiastowej interwencji konserwatorskiej. W 2013 r. wykonane konserwację–restaurację pięciu obiektów, a w 2014 r. kolejnych dziewięciu. Podstawowym celem przeprowadzanych zabiegów było powstrzymanie zachodzących w obiektach procesów destrukcji materiałów, zabezpieczenie ich przed dalszym, postępującym niszczeniem. Zrealizowanie zadania wpłynęło na znaczne polepszenie stanu fizycznego materii i ogromnie podniosło ich walor estetyczny i ekspozycyjny. Przywrócenie książkom funkcji użytkowej łączyło się z dużą ingerencją w konstrukcję obiektów i jej elementy. Poprawę funkcji estetycznej osiągnięto bez zbędnych zabiegów stricte „estetyzujących”. Wszystkie obiekty zostały ponadto zdigitalizowane, co pozwoli korzystać z nich do celów badawczych przy ograniczeniu do minimum fizycznego kontaktu z obiektami.

The article highlights the results of the first round of conservation works to return the lost image of the assembly hall (meeting hall of the great senate) – the main building of the oldest building of the university. The purpose of the works is to create the methodology basis to restore the wall painting and sculpture decoration of the hall, to return it to its original authentic appearance from 1880-1884. The decoration of the hall was realized in 1884 by the artist and architect Ivan Dolynskyi, according to the idea of the first rector, architect Julian Zahariewicz. However, the original artistic decoration of the assembly hall was lost in the subsequent periods after the First World War. The walls of the hall and decorative plastic were covered with new paint layers of a nondecorative nature. The first test studies in 2015 showed the possibility of removing layers and opening the original wall painting decoration. They also testified to the need for conservation and restoration works of the authentic wall painting decoration, which in some places had cracks, local losses, and unsatisfactory technical conditions (flaking from plaster). Complex scientific architectural and conservation studies of the interior of the assembly hall were carried out, including the performance of all necessary types of research – from archival searches to soundings in paint coatings and stucco, and laboratory analyzes of materials. Research has revealed the nature of layering and the different states of preservation of the authentic painting layer in all parts of the hall, at different levels of the walls and decor. As a result of research, it was established the possibility of cleaning all walls, decorative stucco, and sculptures by mechanical means. Due to the large volume, it was recommended to divide the cleaning and conservation works into several stages. According to the concept of the discussed and approved project, the following were recommended as the main methods and stages of restoration works: – mechanical cleaning of the entire wall plane; removal of paint coatings to the layer of authentic marbling; also removing putty from cracks and gaps in the plaster; – delicate wiping of the wall surface with distilled water to remove surface contamination; – injection of deep cracks with liquid restorative putty mass; – “bringing” plaster in places of losses, falls and chips, followed by its alignment in the plane of the wall and its priming; – strengthening of the places of the base where there are losses, shedding of the wall painting by the method of its structural strengthening with the help of impregnation with a special priming solution; – restoration reproduction and toning of the wall painting (exclusively within the limits of losses); – after the completion of the reproduction of the wall painting-marbling (when the toning has completely dried), applying a restoration wax-resin mastic to the entire surface of the wall; giving a gloss after the mastic has completely dried; if necessary, mastic can be re-applied on new layers of wall painting. In the article, we reveal the main results of the research work, as well as highlight the key positions of the conservation task and the conceptual project of conservation, and recommendations for planning executive works. We also reveal the process of implementation of conservation works at their first stage - in 2015-2016. The works were carried out by the restoration group of the Department of Architecture and Conservation with the involvement of students.

Bu çalışma, Ankara Üniversitesi Gümüşdere 60. Yıl Yerleşkesi Yavuz Sultan Selim Bulvarı 37/15 Keçiören/Ankara/Türkiye konumunda bulunan Ankara Üniversitesi Güzel Sanatlar Fakültesi Dekanlık birimi kullanımına tahsis edilmiş Dekanlık Binası üzerine yapılmış bir incelemedir. Söz konusu yapı, mimari üslubu ve mimari yapısı, tarihçesi, korunma durumu, geçmişte yapılmış koruma ve onarım uygulamaları ve yapının korunmasına ilişkin öneriler gibi başlıklar altında incelenerek tartışılmıştır. Yapılan literatür taramasında yapı ile ilgili herhangi bir akademik çalışmaya rastlanamamıştır. Bu nedenle çalışma, yapının kullanım aşamalarına ait fotoğraf ve kayıtların incelenmesi, gözlem ve makro inceleme yöntemleri ile elde edilen veriler üzerine kurulmuştur. Bina, Türkiye Zirai Donatım Kurumu tarafından İkinci Ulusal Mimarlık akımı döneminde yapılmış, daha sonra kısa bir süre Et ve Balık Kurumu tarafından kullanılmış ve 2006 yılında Ankara Üniversitesi’ne devredilmiştir. Bina Ankara Üniversitesi Rektörlüğü tarafından 2007 yılında Başkent Meslek Yüksek Okulu Müdürlüğünün kullanımına tahsis edilmiştir. Bina 2016 yılında aynı üniversitenin Güzel Sanatlar Fakültesi’ne devredilmiştir. Binanın Ankara Üniversitesi hizmetinde bulunduğu dönemde büyük bir onarımdan geçtiği, yapının kullanım sürecinde bina mekanlarında küçük onarımlar ve ilavelerle işlev değişikliklerinin yapıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu restorasyon ve onarım çalışmalarında binanın mimari niteliğine müdahaleler sınırlı ölçüde tutulmuştur. Bunun sonucunda bina büyük ölçüde özgünlüğünü korumuştur.

The MET Cloisters acquired a peculiar architectural canopy in 2016 that belonged to the main portal of the medieval monastery of Santa Maria da Vitória in the Portuguese village of Batalha. This piece, now in New York, surmounted one of the twelve statues of the Apostles. In the 19th century, during restoration works, the portal was altered from its initial dimension and many of its original sculptural elements were replaced by copies. This research note intends to trace the current location of all the original elements, in both public and private collections, as well as their path in the art market. It also analyzes how this canopy represents a unique example of micro-architecture, relating its composition to the monastery’s architecture. The canopy seems to allude to the dual function and meaning of the Portuguese medieval monastery: the divine temple is represented by the five small buildings and their tile-roofs, as the church’s chevet with five radiating chapels; and royal funerary place as represented by the vertical segment, a sectioned octagonal volume evoking King John’s funeral chapel. In its simplicity and micro-scale, this canopy displays remarkable artistic quality, constituting an excellent example of the fourteenth-century production led by the master Huguet in the Portuguese construction site of Batalha.

This article, the first in a series of four reports, assists in an understanding of brazilian architectural heritage preservation practices. It analyses the experience of the federal organ then called the National Historical and Artistic Heritage Service (SPHAN in portuguese) in São Paulo. By analysing one of its first restoration works, we will review the first years of this organ's activities in an effort to understand its structure, how its staff was organized, and the difficulties presented by its scarce resources as well as by the lack of previous experiences in heritage preservation. We will primarily attempt to identify the concepts that guided the preservation and restoration work, as well as the methods and the techniques used in preserving these assets. The preservation work at Saint Michel's church - among the first buildings" discovered" by SPHAN - counted on the active involvement of Mário de Andrade. This work, together with the restoration of the Embu Convent, marked the beginning of the activities of São Paulo's regional chapter. It also pointed the way to future work, under the direction of architect Luis Saia. This analysis will proceed in three other reports, which study the work at Saint Antony's ranch and chapel in São Roque, at the City Council and Jail building in Atibaia, and at Pau D'Alho's farm in São José do Barreiro. These reports will follow SPHAN's development up to the mid-1970s. In pointing out the connections between the restoration and conservation work carried out at these sites, we will study the ways in which this organ absorbed the most important theories of its time, from Viollet-le-Duc onward. We will also examine the recommendation of the first international reports for heritage preservation initiatives within the specifically brazilian cultural context of the first half of the 20th century.

The article focuses on the reconstruction of old buildings belonging to cultural heritage sites, as a rule, plastering works are carried out to restore and restore the facades. In the process of operation of the plaster coating experiencing different weather conditions, which influence and eventually reduce their protective function and appearance. Violations of the technology of plastering the facades of old buildings in the process of repair and restoration work further exacerbate their impact and significantly accelerate the process of destruction of the facade finish. Conducting a full-scale survey allows you to identify the degree of preservation of the materials used in the decoration of the facade in the course of repair and restoration work, the presence of defects, and identifying the causes of their appearance. The correction of poorly executed plaster works with a violation of the technology of their production, the restoration of brickwork using a harder mortar with foreign inclusions, poorly mixed, etc. will require significant additional labor and economic costs.

The evolution is analyzed and modern approaches to carrying out restoration, conservation and reconstruction works at objects of historical and cultural value are presented from the standpoint of the limits of the permissibility of using non-authentic materials. The principles of choosing materials for restoration and conservation work are considered. An analysis of the experience of using photopolymer materials in the creation of protective, decorative or reconstructive layers and coatings in order to preserve or recreate objects of historical and cultural significance is presented. The results of studies on the use of liquid photopolymer compositions based on acrylates in restoration and conservation work are presented. The prospects of using photopolymer materials in the practice of restoration and reconstruction are shown, and directions for further research are formulated.

Nature-based Solutions (NbS) have received worldwide attention from academics, governments, NGOs and the public in the field of ecological conservation and restoration. Since NbS was formally proposed, its concept has been continuously clarified and refined under the promotion of international organizations such as EU and IUCN, and was officially defined by the United Nations in 2022. The theory and technology of NbS have been gradually developed and perfected by fully admitting the basic theories of ecology, geography and other disciplines, as well as integrating and developing ecological conservation and restoration-related technologies. In recent years, a large number of research results have been achieved in the construction of NbS theoretical system, development of technical model, identification of pathways and estimation of potentials in coping with climate change, synergistic response to social challenges, management model and financial mechanism, and the direction of future development etc., providing strong reference values for ecological conservation and restoration practices. At present, as one of the most important measures for ecological civilization construction, NbS have a positive influence on the planning of ecological conservation and restoration of territorial space, and the integration of ecological conservation and restoration of mountains, waters, forests, farmlands, grasslands, and deserts, and significant results have been achieved in related projects and local practices. In the future, the application of NbS in China should focus on the following directions: (1) Continuously carry out theoretical and technical research to accurately grasp the intrinsic mechanisms of ecosystems. (2) Explore the localization pathway of NbS, implement NbS-based ecological conservation and restoration under the framework of China's territorial spatial planning and use control, and explore the coordination and integration with related project management requirements. (3) Apply NbS to promote the improvement of China's ecological conservation and restoration work with clarified social challenges, carry out monitoring and evaluation, adaptive management, update and improve the technical standards and norms system. (4) Innovate the funding mechanism, actively apply for relevant international projects, and explore the mechanism of transforming ecological benefits into economic benefits. (5) Carry out the application of NbS, comprehensively apply NbS in projects in key areas from planning and designing stage, and summarize practical experience to promote the overall improvement of China's ecological conservation and restoration work.