Abstract
We demonstrate the importance of the Kondo effect in artificially created $f$-electron superlattices. We show that the Kondo effect does not only change the density of states of the $f$-electron layers, but is also the cause of pronounced resonances at the Fermi energy in the density of states of the noninteracting layers in the superlattice, which are between the $f$-electron layers. Remarkably, these resonances strongly depend on the structure of the superlattice; due to interference, the density of states at the Fermi energy can be strongly enhanced or even shows no changes at all. Furthermore, we show that by inserting the Kondo lattice layer into a three-dimensional metal, the gap of the Kondo insulating state changes from a full gap to a pseudogap with quadratically vanishing spectral weight around the Fermi energy. Due to the formation of the Kondo insulating state in the $f$-electron layer, the superlattice becomes strongly anisotropic below the Kondo temperature. We prove this by calculating the in-plane and the out-of-plane conductivity of the superlattice.
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