Kombinasi Nanopartikel Quercetin-Kaempferol Berpolimer Kitosan sebagai Penatalaksanaan Kanker Kolorektal

Abstract

ABSTRACT
 Introduction: Colorectal cancer is a type of cancer, originates in the colon tissue. Colorectal cancer causes 2 million new cases and 1 million deaths globally. The prevalence of colorectal cancer in Indonesia is 12.8% per 100,000 adult population with a 9.5% mortality rate. Current treatment of colorectal cancer are surgery, radiotherapy, and administration of anti-cancer drugs is considered less effective because expensive and its side effects.
 Discussion: Quercetin and kaempferol are flavonoids that could manage colorectal cancer through a series of mechanisms at carcinogenesis process stage, blocking proliferation by inhibiting NF-kB, increase apoptosis process by affecting CASP2, CLEC4M, and NTR3K genes, cause antiangiogenesis effects by decreases the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Limitation of this modality is the low bioavailability, therefore it packaged in chitosan polymerized nanoparticles. Quercetin is most obtained from the skin of onions while kaempferol is obtained from leeks. Quercetin-kaempferol chitosan nanoparticles were prepared using the top down method (maceration) and administered orally. Chitosan as a polymer will dissolve when it enters gastric acid. The pharmacokinetics will begin with absorption by small intestine, excretion by kidneys, and elimination by large intestine. Quercetin 15 ?M-30 ?M was able to reduce cell viability to 63 ± 1.3% to 41 ± 0.3%. Meanwhile, kaempferol 30 ?M-60 ?M was able to reduce cell viability to 62 ± 0.83% to 26 ± 0.91%.
 Conclusion: Combination of quercetin and kaempferol can increase apoptosis process externally and internally also inhibit proliferation and angiogenesis of colorectal cancer cells.
 Keyword: Colorectal cancer, Quercetin, Kaempferol