Abstract
Background: Glaucoma remains one of the leading causes of blindness in South Africa. Early detection, effective treatment and strict compliance with treatment are instrumental to prevent further damage to the optic nerve and thus preserve vision.Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and self-care practices of patients with glaucoma in KwaZulu-Natal.Setting: The study was conducted in the ophthalmology outpatient department of a public hospital and a private ophthalmology practice in the uThungulu district.Methods: This was an observational, analytic, cross-sectional study. Structured questionnaires assessing knowledge, attitudes and self-care practices were administered to patients presenting for follow-up glaucoma management.Results: The median age of the 384 patients in this study was 60 (interquartile range [IQR] 48.5–69.5) and 59 years (IQR 49.0–66.5) for males and females, respectively (p > 0.05). Two hundred and thirty-eight (62.0%) patients had good knowledge of glaucoma. Age, gender and duration of glaucoma diagnosis were significantly associated with good knowledge of glaucoma. Three hundred and forty-four (89.6%) patients reported having good self-care practices. Patients over the age of 65 years were significantly less likely to have good self-care practices compared to patients aged 26–45 years (odds ratio [OR]: 0.2, confidence interval [CI]: 0.1–0.6, p = 0.01). Good knowledge of glaucoma was significantly associated with good self-care practices of glaucoma (p < 0.001).Conclusion: Elderly patients do not have sufficient knowledge of glaucoma and have poor self-care glaucoma practices. It is important to involve family members of these patients in the education and counselling of glaucoma to facilitate improved disease management.
Highlights
The term ‘glaucoma’ is used to describe a group of optic nerve disorders that if left uncontrolled result in visual field defects and associated vision loss.[1,2] Glaucoma involves the death of retinal ganglion cells, which the clinician identifies by optic disc examination, visual field testing and retinal nerve fibre layer assessment with, for example, optical coherence tomography.[3]
Patients over the age of 65 years were significantly less likely to have good self-care practices compared to patients aged 26–45 years (OR: 0.2, 95% CI: 0.1–0.6, p = 0.01)
Patients with a primary level of education were significantly more likely to have good self-care practices compared to patients with no education (OR: 3.8, 95% CI: 1.5–9.7, p = 0.01)
Summary
The term ‘glaucoma’ is used to describe a group of optic nerve disorders that if left uncontrolled result in visual field defects and associated vision loss.[1,2] Glaucoma involves the death of retinal ganglion cells, which the clinician identifies by optic disc examination, visual field testing and retinal nerve fibre layer assessment with, for example, optical coherence tomography.[3]. Africans are predominantly affected by primary open angle glaucoma (POAG).[8] In South Africa, the prevalence of POAG is 2.9% and it is the most common type of glaucoma in the country.[9] While glaucoma has no known cure, there are treatment options by which the progression of the disease can be retarded. These methods include pharmacotherapy (oral tablets or eye drops) and surgery. Effective treatment and strict compliance with treatment are instrumental to prevent further damage to the optic nerve and preserve vision
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