Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19 among Chinese residents during the rapid rise period of the COVID-19 outbreak: a quick online cross-sectional survey.

Assessment of Knowledge Activity Practice (KAP) Towards COVID-19 Pandemic

Background The purpose of this study was to describe the knowledge, protective behaviours, and psychological impact of COVID-19 on Chinese residents in Canada, as the emotional and behavioural impacts of the pandemic have not been intensively studied amongst these populations. It was important to determine whether having dependent school-age children (DSAC) aged 16 or under was associated with adverse psychological impacts amongst the Chinese residents living in the country. Methods In April 2020, 757 eligible participants were recruited through a snowball sampling to complete an online survey related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychological, behavioural, and sociodemographic variables were collected and first analyzed using descriptive and univariate statistics. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to further confirm the observed significant associations in bivariate analyses for selected psychological outcome variables. Results Seven hundred forty-two participants who responded to the “dependent school-age children” question were included in the analysis. Most of them identified as females (65.8%) and 77.2% included receiving a university degree or higher. There were no significant differences in COVID-19 knowledge between those living with or without DSAC. However, participants with DSAC were more likely to perceive themselves as being at greater risk of contracting COVID-19 (p = .023); therefore, having a higher chance of adopting protective behaviours (e.g., hand washing, sanitizing frequently or disinfecting work and living spaces (p < .05), elevated risks of depression (p = .007), and stress (p = .010), compared to those without DSAC. Conclusions Predominantly, the Chinese residents in Canada with dependent school-age children were more likely to report the negative psychological impacts of the pandemic. These findings warrant further investigations that may contribute to informing key stakeholders about the identification and implementation of policies and interventions to support the needs of parents with young children, during and after the pandemic.

ABSTRACT.China has basically controlled the COVID-19 epidemic as a result of widespread vaccination and other containment strategies, despite localized outbreaks, as of September 2021. This study investigates the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccines among Chinese small-town residents to provide suggestions for public health policy. Residents who were vaccinated against COVID-19 were asked to complete a paper questionnaire on KAP in Xidian, Zhejiang. The knowledge questionnaire consisted of 12 questions regarding COVID-19 and 12 questions regarding COVID-19 vaccines. Attitude and practice evaluation included agreement on the eventual control of COVID-19 and having recently worn a mask outside. Of 405 survey responders, 52.3% were male, 71.4% had middle school education or less, and 59.0% engaged in physical labor as an occupation. The correct answer rates of the COVID-19 section and the vaccine section were 79.2% and 71.7%, respectively. Age groups of 18 to 29 years and > 50 years, occupations of physical labor and unemployment, and primary school education and less were associated with lower knowledge scores. The majority of participants (91.6%) believed that COVID-19 will eventually be controlled, whereas women, students, and patients with chronic held relatively negative attitudes toward epidemic control. Most participants (87.4%) wore masks outside recently. In conclusion, Chinese small-town residents have a medium level of knowledge regarding COVID-19 and vaccines, hold positive attitudes, and have appropriate practices. Health education should be provided to the target populations to enrich their knowledge of COVID-19 and vaccines, and to improve their attitudes toward epidemic control.

ObjectiveTo provide the most recent national estimates for the consumption of aquatic products and meats among Chinese residents.MethodsThis study was conducted in 14 provinces of China, using a multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling method and a population-proportional sampling procedure. Aquatic products and meats consumption was measured by a 3-day, 24-h dietary recall. Chinese residents aged 3 years and above (n = 24,106) completed a face-to-face dietary interview.ResultsThe average daily consumption of meat and aquatic products for the all-aged population was 70.9 g and 48.0 g, respectively, which aligned with Dietary Guidelines (40–75 g/d) for Chinese Residents (2016). On the one hand, intake of aquatic products among Chinese people was relatively insufficient, especially for adolescents and elder people (<40 g/d). On the other hand, males, mainly aged 19–60, generally consumed too much meat (>80 g/d), and 19–44 grouping consumed more than 70 g/d of red meat. Besides, urban residents and individuals with higher socioeconomic status (SES) have exhibited comprehensively healthy dietary preferences than rural ones and those with a lower SES do. Women and the higher SES group tend to be closer to the dietary guidelines for the Chinese.ConclusionsThe consumption of meat and aquatic products varied with age, gender, region and SES. Detecting patterns in consumption is particularly relevant for policy makers, researchers and health professionals in the formulation of dietary recommendations and estimating potential health outcomes.

Purpose: To determine whether racial disparities exist within socioeconomic classes in MRI utilization and imaging characteristics for PCa patients undergoing radiotherapy. Methods: An institutional database at the University of Pennsylvania identified 715 non-metastatic PCa patients treated with proton and/or intensity modulated radiotherapy from 2005-2013 with pre-treatment pelvic MRI (T2 weighted, diffusion weighted, and/or dynamic contrast-enhanced sequences, 91% with endorectal coil). MRI utilization for staging was compared in 1) high socioeconomic status (SES) vs. low SES (defined as geocoded census tract &amp;gt; 20% below the poverty level) Whites, 2) high SES vs. low SES Blacks, 3) Whites vs. Blacks within high SES, and 4) Whites vs. Blacks within low SES, overall and stratified by risk group, using Fishers exact test for categorical variables (p&amp;lt;0.05 significant). Results: In this cohort, 431 were identified as white (60%) and 236 as black (33%). 523 were classified as high SES (73%) and 191 as low SES (27%). Median age (67) or Gleason score did not differ significantly for Whites vs. Blacks or for high SES vs. low SES. Mean pre-RT PSA did, 7.8 ± 10.8 vs. 13.5 ± 20.2 (p&amp;lt;0.001) in Whites vs. Blacks and 8.1 ± 12.2 vs. 14.0 ± 19.3 (p&amp;lt;0.001) in high SES vs. low SES. Blacks were more likely to be low SES (69%) than Whites (5%), p&amp;lt;0.001. 546 (77%) of 715 total patients received baseline MRI, including High SES Whites (332/411; 81%), Low SES Whites (14/20; 70%), High SES Blacks (51/74; 69%), Low SES Blacks (108/162; 67%), other (non-white and non-black, all SES) (41/48; 85%). Within the low risk group, 190 (76%) of 250 total low risk patients received baseline MRI, including High SES Whites (138/161; 86%), Low SES Whites (5/7; 71%), High SES Blacks (18/28; 64%), Low SES Blacks (19/38; 50%), other (10/16; 63%). Overall, Blacks were less likely to receive staging MRI (67%) than Whites (80%) p&amp;lt;0.001. This disparity was entirely limited to the low risk group: Blacks (56%) vs. Whites (85%), p&amp;lt;0.001. Additionally, low SES were less likely to receive staging MRI (68%) than high SES (80%), p=0.001. When separating by race and SES, high SES Blacks were less likely to receive staging MRI (69%) than high SES Whites (81%), p=0.029, while Whites were no different: low SES (%) vs high SES (%) p&amp;gt;0.05. Within the low-risk group specifically, high SES Blacks were more likely to receive staging MRI (24%) than low SES Blacks (12%), p=0.02, while there was no difference in staging MRI utilization between high SES and low SES Whites in the low-risk group. Conclusions: In this urban, academic center cohort, Black PCa patients were significantly less likely to undergo staging MRI than Whites. Among patients with similar high SES, Blacks were still less likely to undergo staging MRI than Whites. Furthermore, while low SES patients were less likely to undergo staging MRI than high SES patients, this difference was driven entirely by the difference seen in Blacks because on subset analysis, there was no difference in low SES Whites compared to high SES Whites but there was a significant difference in low SES Blacks compared high SES Blacks, specifically in the low risk group. Further research should investigate these differences in MRI utilization, given the known disproportionate burden of prostate cancer morbidity and mortality in Blacks. Citation Format: Ayobami Ajayi, Christina Chapman, Stefan Both, Curtiland Deville. Racial and socioeconomic disparities in staging magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) utilization for prostate cancer (PCa) patients undergoing radiotherapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eighth AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 13-16, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016;25(3 Suppl):Abstract nr C71.

Children are increasingly less active and thus are at increased risk for obesity and related diseases. The purpose of this study was to identify social, psychological and environmental determinants of 3–5th grade Hispanic and non-Hispanic white (NHW), and high and low socioeconomic status (SES) children's physical activity. To predict children's physical activity levels we measured: 1) children's perceived athletic competence 2) parent prioritization of activity for themselves 3) parent ranking of the importance of physical activity 4) parent perceived family activity/recreation environment; and 5) parent physical activity. Physical activity was measured using uniaxial accelerometers in parents (51 non-Hispanic white, 48 Hispanic, 48 high SES and 51 low SES families) and their children over 7 days. Each predictor variable was explored for possible interaction between ethnicity and SES. Socioeconomic status had a greater influence on children's physical activity than ethnicity in this sample. Non-Hispanic white and high SES mothers scored higher on their perceived importance of family activity/recreation environment, prioritization of physical activity for themselves, and were more physically active than Hispanic and low SES mothers. High SES mothers had greater ranking of the importance of physical activity than low SES mothers. There was an interaction between SES and ethnicity across all mothers such that low SES Hispanic and high SES NHW mothers had greater prioritization of physical activity for themselves and total physical activity than high SES Hispanic and low SES NHW mothers. High SES mothers' valuation of physical activity was greater than low SES mothers. There were no differences in physical activity levels between Hispanic vs. NHW and high vs. low SES children, yet Hispanic and low SES children's BMIs were higher than NHW and high SES children's BMIs. There were no differences between Hispanic vs. NHW fathers' predictor variables nor did any of fathers' data relate to children's physical activity or perceived competence. High SES fathers had greater perceived family activity/recreation environment than low SES fathers. For all groups, children's physical activity was best predicted by children's perceived athletic competence and physical activity. These findings suggest that determinants of physical activity differ between Hispanic and non-Hispanic white families of differing socioeconomic status. Supported by ACSM Fellowship Fund Grant

Introduction: Knowledge of COVID-19 and the practices towards the prevention of COVID-19 are crucial especially among health sciences students who are required to do a clinical placement at a hospital. This study aimed to assess the knowledge on COVID-19 and practice of COVID-19 prevention among university students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted via a web-based survey. A total of 273 students of the medical, dental and health sciences programs were invited to participate in this study using stratified random sampling methods. A set of questionnaires developed by WHO training material for identification, prevention, response, and control of COVID-19 was used. Results: Most of the respondents were fourth year students (37.4%) age of 22 years old. The mean of total knowledge score was 23.14 ± 1.50. The overall mean score for the practice towards prevention of COVID-19 was 30.06 ± 3.03. The findings revealed that 71.1% students had good knowledge while 28.9% of them had poor knowledge regarding COVID-19. Half (58.6%) of the students have good practice and 41.4% had poor practice of COVID-19 prevention. There is no significant correlation of knowledge on COVID-19 and the practice of COVID-19 prevention. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the need for continuous education and a regular reminder to the student population involved in the clinical area regarding infectious disease prevention.

Race, Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Status Are Associated With Prolonged Time to Treatment After a Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer: A Large Population-Based Study

PurposeDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a global pandemic metabolic disorder. In recent years, the amount of medical resources required for the treatment of diabetes has increased as diabetes rates have gradually risen. The combined effects of individual and neighbourhood socio-economic status (SES) on DM survival rates are still not clear, especially in patients of working age. In this paper, we aim to analyze the combined effects of neighbourhood and individual SES on DM survival rates in patients of working age in Taiwan.MethodsThe study of 23,781 people who were diagnosed with DM by using population—based study between 2002 and 2006. Each sample was followed up for 4 years or as a sensor case. We defined Individual SES and neighbourhood SES by each patient’s job category and household income which characterized as advantaged or disadvantaged. Then we compared the survival rates by SES group used Cox proportional hazards model for adjust risk factors.ResultsThe 4-year overall survival rates of diabetic patients were worst for those with low individual SES who living in advantaged neighbourhoods. After adjustment for patient characteristics, DM patients with high individual SES living in disadvantaged neighbourhoods had the same risk of mortality as those patients with high individual SES living in advantaged neighbourhoods (hazard ratio: 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.81–1.51). The study found that DM patients with low individual SES who live in disadvantaged areas had a greater risk of mortality than those with high SES (odds ratio: 2.57; 95% CI: 2.04–3.24). There were significant differences in survival rates between patients with high individual SES and patients with low individual SES. In contrast, the results did not statistically significant differences in survival rates between advantaged and disadvantaged neighbourhood SES groups.ConclusionDM patients with low individual SES had the worst survival rate, regardless of whether they were living in a high or low SES neighbourhood area. The competitive cause of death, i.e., the fact that complications, rather than DM itself, are often the cause of death, may be the reason for the inverse relationship found between the effects of individual SES and neighbourhood SES on DM survival. We conclude that the socio-economic gradient in survival among DM patients may be the result of differences in access to medical treatment and attributes related to individual SES.

High pulse wave velocity (PWV) and low socioeconomic status (SES) are each associated with increased risk of stroke, but clarification of the interplay between PWV, SES and the risk of stroke appears to be warranted to identify vulnerable populations at high risk of stroke. We conducted a prospective study that examined the independent and joint associations of PWV and SES with the risk of stroke in the general population. The current study included 2666 men aged 42-61 years, who were enrolled in the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Study cohort. Estimated PWV (ePWV), a proxy of carotid-femoral PWV, was calculated from an equation based on age and mean blood pressure. SES was assessed using self-reported questionnaires and classified as tertiles, whereas ePWV was categorized as high (≥10m/s) and low (<10m/s). Individuals with high ePWV had a 48% higher risk of stroke after adjusting for confounding factors, whereas individuals with low SES had a similar 35% increased risk of stroke, compared with those high SES. Results of the joint associations of ePWV and SES with stroke showed high ePWV-high SES and high ePWV-low SES to be each associated with an increased risk of stroke: hazard ratios 1.53, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) (1.12-2.08) and hazard ratio 1.63, 95% CI (1.21-2.20), respectively, but low ePWV-low SES was not associated with a heightened risk of stroke (hazard ratio 1.12, 95% CI 0.87-1.44) compared with the low ePWV-high SES group. ePWV and SES are each independently associated with stroke risk. The association between elevated ePWV and the heightened risk of stroke is regardless of low or high SES.

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection rate and mortality among Nigerian health care workers appear to be on the increase. This study determined the level of knowledge, attitude, practices, and impact of COVID-19 infection on healthcare workers (HCWs) working in a South-Eastern Nigerian state. This was a web-based, cross-sectional study conducted among healthcare workers in South-eastern, Nigeria during the lockdown period. Socio-demographic profile, knowledge of COVID-19, fears and impact concerning COVID-19, attitude of health workers to work, preventive practices during this pandemic period were obtained. Data were analysed using STATA 16.0. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests of association were used to determine the association between variables, with the significance level set at p < 0.05. A total of 403 health care workers participated in the study. Majority of participants (n = 357, 88.59%) had good knowledge and good preventive practices (n = 328, 81.39%) of COVID-19. A significant proportion of respondents had a poor attitude to work (n = 101, 25.06%) and an attitude of indifference (n = 233, 57.82%). Almost half (48.64%) of participants had been negatively affected by COVID-19. Knowledge significantly influenced practice (p = 0.029). Lack of Personal protective equipment, fear of dying and going to common places, had a significant impact on the attitude of workers. Good knowledge which influenced practice, high use of preventive practices, with associated poor and indifferent attitude was noted among healthcare workers. Fear of death and lack of personal protective equipment had a strong impact on attitude. Female HCWs had poorer attitude to work than males.

How is physical attractiveness associated with depression in China: A moderated mediation analysis

Reduction of socioeconomic inequality in cancer incidence in the South of the Netherlands during 1996–2008

Higher socioeconomic status is associated with lower in-hospital cardiac arrest: How can we address this socioeconomic inequality?

Objective: We investigated the association between childhood socioeconomic status (SES) and coronary heart disease (CHD) in older Americans. Method: We used Health and Retirement Study data from 1992 to 2012 to examine a nationally representative sample of Americans aged ≥50 years (N = 30,623). We modeled CHD as a function of childhood and adult SES using maternal and paternal educational level as a proxy for childhood SES. Results: Respondents reporting low childhood SES were significantly more likely to have CHD than respondents reporting high childhood SES. Respondents reporting both low childhood and adult SES were 2.34 times more likely to have CHD than respondents reporting both high childhood and adult SES. People with low childhood SES and high adult SES were 1.60 times more likely than people with high childhood SES and high adult SES to report CHD in the fully adjusted model. High childhood SES and low adult SES increased the likelihood of CHD by 13%, compared with high SES both as a child and adult. Conclusion: Childhood SES is significantly associated with increased risk of CHD in later life among older adult Americans.