Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is the failure of antimicrobial’s effect against the growth and multiplication of microorganisms. Imprudent and over antimicrobial use (AMU) aggravates antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Antimicrobials are massively used in animal production as compared with AMU in human health sectors. This research was done with the objective of assessing the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) status of animal producers towards AMU and AMR. A Cross-sectional study design and questionnaire were conducted and both qualitative and quantitative data analyses were used. The logistic regression was used to test the effect of each predictor variable on the knowledge, attitude, and practice of the participants. Out of 571 animal producers, the majority (80.2%) of them were not knowledgeable and 85.3% of the animal producers had a negative attitude towards the AMU and AMR. Likewise, the practice of 78.5% of the animal producers were practice improperly towards AMU and AMR. All the questions that were designed to assess the KAP of the animal producers were significantly associated (P<0.05) with each respective category of KAP. The educational status of animal producers was negatively correlated (OR = 0.38) with all their knowledge, attitude, and practice of AMU and AMR, but sex has a positive correlation (OR = 2.89) with both the knowledge and practice of animal producers. In conclusion, the animal producers in the Oromia zone had unsatisfactory knowledge regarding AMU and AMR. The animal producer’s attitude and their practices were negative and improper respectively. As a result, consecutive awareness creation on both AMU and AMR is recommended and integrated AMU governance in animal production is recommended to be applied.
Highlights
According to the definition of the American Veterinary Medical Association [1], “antimicrobials are agents that kill microorganisms or suppress their multiplication or growth”
As explained in FAO’s 2016–2020 antimicrobial resistance (AMR) action plan, every sector and actor regardless of their economic status and their geographic locations are affected by AMR [4]
Since the Oromia zone is very near to the port of Knowledge, attitude and practice of animal producers towards antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance
Summary
According to the definition of the American Veterinary Medical Association [1], “antimicrobials are agents that kill microorganisms or suppress their multiplication or growth”. Attitude and practice of animal producers towards antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance of antimicrobial’s effect against the growth and multiplication of microorganisms is called antimicrobial resistance (AMR). AMR happens when “microorganisms (such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites) change when they are exposed to antimicrobials (such as antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, antimalarial, and anthelmintic)” [2]. Even if different factors aggravates AMR, over-use, and misuse of antimicrobials play a major role. AMR is inextricably tied to all forms of antimicrobial use (AMU) and will be favored when this use is sub-optimal or widespread. Avoidable practices that are recognized as key contributors to AMR are AMU in animal production for growth promotion, prophylaxis, and metaphylaxis; AMU without professional oversight; and or AMU after poor diagnostic techniques [3]. As explained in FAO’s 2016–2020 AMR action plan, every sector and actor regardless of their economic status and their geographic locations are affected by AMR [4]
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