Kültürel Farklılıkların Ülkeler Arası Mal Akımlarına Etkisi Üzerine Bir Literatür İncelemesi

Abstract

Linder Theory which is a considerable theory about international manufactured goods trade suggests that international trade in manufactured goods will be more intense between countries with similar per capita income levels than between countries with dissimilar per capita income levels. But in practice, cultural differences between countries may also restrain the density of trade. This literature survey will aim to explain the relationship between income level and culture which may be different for one to another group. G. Hofstede who is an influential cultural anthropologist suggests five different cultural dimension to explain cultural differences between countries. Later, Hofstede calculates the values of different countries in these dimensions. So, in this study, initially, international trade in manufactured goods between similar per capital income levels will be examined. This will be done by comparing per capital income levels of selected countries. OECD data in trade and TÜİK's data (for Turkey) will be used in comparison. Later Hofstede's data will be used. In conclusion, the survey will try to explain how large are the effects of cultural differences between countries with similar income levels in international trade in manufactured goods. Previous studies generally find statistically significant results, but the main framework of these studies suggests controversial results. The study has aimed to commit a literature survey and in this study, comparisons of trade flow between countries are also controversial.