KING ARTHUR’S ROUND TABLE, EAMONT BRIDGE, CUMBRIA: THE EXCAVATION OF AN EXCAVATION – CORRIGENDUM

Library History as a Community

358CIVIL WAR HISTORY biography of politico Roscoe Conkling, has absolute mastery of the complexities of Gilded Age politics, and these chapters are marvelous. Despite the uneven nature of a few chapters, this biography has great merit and will undoubtedly stand for some time as the best book on Hancock. Its clear narrative should make it attractive to a wide range of readers beyond the scholarly community. Paul Andrew Hutton University of New Mexico The Civil War Round Table: Fifty Years of Scholarship and Fellowship. By Barbara Hughett. (Chicago: The Civil War Round Table, 1990. Pp. xviii, 206. $30.00.) America's National Battlefield Parks: A Guide. By Joseph E. Stevens. (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1990. Pp. xiv, 337. $29.95.) Today, there are more than 150 Civil War Round Tables in this country, Australia, the United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, Belgium, and Norway . All Round Table organizations owe their existence to "The Civil War Round Table," the brainchild of Chicago bookseller Ralph Newman and some of his friends. Born in the 1930s as an informal gathering of Civil War buffs, the Round Table began regular meetings in 1940. Fifty years later, this group is still going strong. Member Barbara Hughett penned this readable history for the Round Table's fiftieth anniversary. She interviewed members and read through the organization's archives in order to gather information. The book is chronological in approach. Included are biographies of the founders, information on meeting places, awards, publications, speakers, and field trips. As an institutional history, this book presents an overview of the Round Table in an admirable way. The author captures the essence of the organization and its numerous achievements. Rather than turgidly describe every event and every speaker, Hughett writes about the highlights of each year's programs and activities. The book thus moves along and does not mire the reader in arcane trivia. The author admits that her chronicle is an insider's view of The Round Table. A large part of the book is anecdotal and personal history, but Hughett transcends the usual such works and has produced a first-rate history of an important social and cultural organization. Fifty years ago, there were no round tables. Today it is hard to imagine the Civil War scene without them. Led by The Round Table, the CWRT organizations have been in the forefront of battlefield preservation. Many Civil War scholars have been discovered by round tables, which nurtured and encouraged them. BOOK REVIEWS359 The discerning reader of this tome will find everything about The Round Table worth knowing. Thirteen appendices include a complete list of speakers and their topics, awards, battlefield tour locations, officers , songs and poetry written by members for special occasions, and other fascinating tidbits. A useful index and a generous number of photographs make this book an important contribution to Civil War cultural history. Years from now, when future scholars want to know what twentieth-century Americans did to memorialize the Civil War, they will turn first to Hughett's book. The Round Table sponsors annual trips to Civil War battlefields or other related sites. Future visits will be enhanced by Joseph E. Stevens's America's National Battlefield Parks: A Guide. The National Park Service currently maintains thirty-eight battlefield sites from Massachusetts to Guam. Of these, eighteen are Civil War battlefields. This valuable guidebook presents data on each of the battlefield parks. Following the address and telephone number of each park, Stevens writes a brief summary of the park site's history. Then follows general directions on reaching the park, general lodging information, the presence (or not) of a visitor center, special activities, and handicapped access. Stevens then writes a capsule history of the park and its strategical and/or tactical significance. Each section concludes with some tour notes, with auto stops keyed to Park Service stops. The book is enhanced by fifty-two maps and eighty illustrations. The book presents the battlefields according to geographical location. Of the thirty-eight sites, one (Fort Necessity) dates to the French and Indian War, eleven to the Revolution, two (Fort McHenry and Chalmette) to the War of 1812, eighteen to the Civil War, four to the Indian Wars...

Every Sunday from the early 1930s to the mid-1950s, the National Broadcasting Company (NBC) presented over its nationwide network of stations a unique program, the University of Chicago Round Table...

The Round Table MODERATED by Deborah Everhart The RoundTable, anewsegmentofArthuriana, provides aforum forcurrent questions and developments in our field. As a pioneering venture, this forum will change as the field changes, developing according to the contributions and suggestions ofreaders. As moderator/editor ofthis forum, I envision a number ofpossibilities. For example, the RoundTable will provide brief'state ofthe topic' segments, summaries ofthe best new work published (or otherwise 'made public') in the past year on a given topic. The Round Table will also provide announcements, reviews, and summaries of new scholarly and pedagogical resources as they become available. Beyond these relatively traditional uses ofprint publication to review and promote other print publications, I envision the Round Table as a forum for moderating between print and electronic scholarship. The Round Table will provide announcements, reviews, and summaries ofscholarlyandpedagogical electronic resources. In addition, an important bridge between print and electronic developments has already been created through the unique collaborative relationship betweenArthurianaandArthurNet, a newly-founded electronic discussion group for scholars and students of Arthurian subjects from the early Middle Ages to the present moment. The Round Table will support this collaborative relationship by providing summaries ofdiscussions that take place on ArthurNet. These summaries will offer a brief look at developments in our field as they unfold in the fast-paced Internet world, providing a useful overview for subscribers and non-subscribers alike. In this issue, the Round Table focuses on ArthurNet, its foundation, and ts recent history ofdiscussions. Arthuriana 4.1 (1994) 70 The Round Table ArthurNet: The Beginning ArthurNet was founded last October by Bonnie Wheeler and myselfas a collaborative venture between this new electronic discussion group and Arthuriana. We have received extensive technical support from Andrew Draskoy at Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland, and we extend our thanks to Andrew and to Memorial University for providing an electronic home for the list on a server called (coincidentally) Morgan. ArthurNet is dedicated to scholarly discussions in all fields ofArthurian studies, from literature and history to mythology and philosophy, and in the several languages pertinent to theArthurian story. We currently have over 370 subscribers from all over the world, and new subscriptions come in daily. ArthurNet has flourished in the five months since its inception, providing a forum for open discussions on a wide variety oftopics summarized below. In addition to open discussions on topics and questions posted to the list in an unstructured fashion, the list also provides a venue for organized, moderated discussions. List subscribers are welcome to propose topics for moderated discussions; once adiscussion has been approved andscheduled bythe listowner, a formal topic proposal is posted to the list, and the moderator comments on postings, directs participants' questions and contributions, and shapes the discussion as it evolves. At the close ofthe discussion, the moderator summarizes the material, giving credit to the appropriate participants. Summaries of ArthurNet moderated discussions will be posted to the list and included here, in the RoundTable forum. To date, Mark Hall ofthe UniversityofCalifornia, Berkeley, has moderatedadiscussion on the HistoricalArthur' andAlan Lupack ofRochester University has moderated a discussion on 'Arthur in America,' which will appear in a special issue oíArthuriana devoted to this topic. To subscribe to ArthurNet, send the command 'sub arthurnet [your name]' as an e-mail message to listserver@morgan.ucs.mun.ca Recent History of Discussions, October 1993 through February 1994 The first posting on the list was a query from Bill Schipper, wondering about the current state of scholarship concerning the historicity of Arthur (Oct. 18). This got our discussions off to a rolling start since a number of people responded to this query from different perspectives. JeffreyCohen noted that 'the question ofArthur's historicity isn't nearlyso interesting as historizing Arthur,' asking our students and ourselves 'why we feel obsessed with the question ofhow much history is behind the king'(Oct. 19). Bonnie Wheeler coupledJeffrey's theoretical stance with a reference to newwork that has been Arthuriana done in this area, pointing out that the search for a historical author 'has spurred some of the most exciting work in recent archeology ofpost-Roman Britain, as well as new glances into 5th-7th century texts. The "historicizing" ofArthur is a...

Setting Their Sites on SatireThe Algonquin Round Table’s Non-Theatrical Spaces of Creative Genesis Christine Woodworth (bio) On a warm summer afternoon in 1933,1 a small rowboat full of tourists landed on the shore of Neshobe Island in the tiny Lake Bomoseen near Castleton, Vermont. While enjoying a picnic lunch on the beach, the tourists were interrupted by an ax-wielding, mud-smeared naked man in a red fright wig who screamed and chased them back to their boat. This seemingly crazed person was none other than Harpo Marx who was, rather enthusiastically, preserving the isolation and privacy of the island, which was owned and populated by a special group of friends. Marx recollects, “I volunteered to deal with the interlopers. I stripped off all my clothes, put on my red wig, smeared myself with mud, and went whooping and war-dancing down to the shore, making Gookies2 and brandishing an ax. The tourists snatched up their things, threw them into the boat, and rowed away fast enough to have won the Poughkeepsie Regatta. That put an end to the snooping that season. It also, I’m sure, started some juicy new rumors about our crazy goings-on.”3 The “crazy goings-on” alluded to by Marx were the antics of the iconic theatrical and literary wits of the Algonquin Round Table. The prevailing image of the denizens of the Round Table more often than not situated them in the refined urban space of the Algonquin Hotel’s elegant Rose Room. Indeed, dozens of comic illustrations portray them seated around the table, where they ate, drank, and vivaciously (or viciously, depending on one’s perspective) discussed the theatrical and literary events of the day.4 While their matrices of connection were initially forged around the table in the Rose Room, other non-theatrical spaces of camaraderie, whimsy, and debauchery, including Neshobe Island and Neysa McMein’s painting studio, fueled creative theatrical genesis for the Algonquin Round Table and its hangers-on. An examination of the [End Page 76] atmosphere and activities of these three social spaces—the Algonquin Hotel, Neshobe Island, and McMein’s studio—offers a glimpse of the ways in which the spatial and social dynamics of the Round Table impacted the American theatre. The members of the Algonquin Round Table offered myriad direct and indirect contributions to the theatre of the 1920s and early 1930s. Round Table gatherings in non-theatrical social spaces profoundly shaped theatre on countless stages in New York City and beyond. Their festive and ruthless get-togethers in a number of venues generated theatrical criticism as well as theatrical production, transforming these spaces into sites of critical and creative genesis. By examining locations of collaboration and contestation outside of traditional theatres, seemingly benign social sites can be recast as charged spaces of creation that are essential to theatre-making. Additionally, the Round Table’s non-theatrical venues were simultaneously spaces of theatrical inclusion, as collaborative partnerships were forged, and exclusion, as some artists and productions were panned and reviled. These non-theatrical social spaces were the points of origin for the Round Table’s impact on the theatre. The aftershocks of their theatrical influence are still felt today. An extraordinary number of the Round Table wits wrote theatre criticism for one of the over fifteen daily newspapers in New York in the 1920s. Yet their contributions to theatre history extended far beyond print journalism. Kevin C. Fitzpatrick asserts: “The single unifying element among almost all members of the Round Table was the live theater business. Sitting at the table at any given point was at least one person who made his or her living on Broadway. Some wrote the shows that others acted, while across the table critics lay in wait to tear both of them down. Press agents drummed up publicity and ticket sales, so they sat next to the newspaper columnist who needed backstage gossip for the next day’s edition. Directors and producers, the men behind the scenes, were among the most powerful in the city. Young actresses floated into the hotel dining room and held their own at the table.”5 Documenting their own interactions...

The collection includes materials presented by participants during the round table "The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Education: ChatGPT and Beyond". The round table took place on June 14, 2023, in an online format. The purpose of the event was to identify promising approaches to educational applications and to have expert discussions on potential ethical and safe use issues of various AI models. The number of registered participants was 1660 individuals, and over 800 participants actively took part in the event. The round table featured a Panel Discussion. Following the panel discussion, the work of the round table continued during Session 1, where various practices of AI application in education were presented. During Session 2, there was a presentation of Posters by the round table participants, showcasing different directions and experiences of AI application for educational purposes. Additionally, a series of training sessions (workshops) on practical application of various AI models were presented, and their implementation is planned in the near future. During Session 3, the round table participants delivered presentations on topics such as the use of AI in the training of professionals from various fields of knowledge, AI utilization for student education, AI application in scientific research, and more. For more details on the topics of the presentations, please refer to the Program and Round Table materials. The collection of materials from the round table includes posters highlighting the peculiarities of AI application in the educational process, as well as the presentation of experiences from different educational institutions and research establishments. The collection is intended for anyone interested in various aspects of using artificial intelligence for educational purposes.

Multi-stakeholder roundtables offering certification programs are promising voluntary governance mechanisms to address sustainability issues associated with international agricultural supply chains. Yet, little is known about whether roundtable certifications confer additionality, the benefits of certification beyond what would be expected from policies and practices currently in place. Here, we examine the potential additionality of the Round table on Responsible Soybeans (RTRS) and the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) in mitigating conversion of native vegetation to cropland. We develop a metric of additionality based on business as usual land cover change dynamics and roundtable standard stringency relative to existing policies. We apply this metric to all countries with RTRS (n = 8) and RSPO (n = 12) certified production in 2013–2014, as well as countries that have no certified production but are among the top ten global producers in terms of soy (n = 2) and oil palm (n = 2). We find RSPO and RTRS both have substantially higher levels of stringency than existing national policies except in Brazil and Uruguay. In regions where these certification standards are adopted, the mean estimated rate of tree cover conversion to the target crop is similar for both standards. RTRS has higher mean relative stringency than the RSPO, yet RSPO countries have slightly higher enforcement levels. Therefore, mean potential additionality of RTRS and RSPO is similar across regions. Notably, countries with the highest levels of additionality have some adoption. However, with extremely low adoption rates (0.41% of 2014 global harvested area), RTRS likely has lower impact than RSPO (14%). Like most certification programs, neither roundtable is effectively targeting smallholder producers. To improve natural ecosystem protection, roundtables could target adoption to regions with low levels of environmental governance and high rates of forest-to-cropland conversion.

Based on the internal mass transfer of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), a novel staggered round table channel is proposed, namely, round table stoppers are arranged on both sides of the channel and in the direction of gas flow. The study systematically investigates the effects of various structural parameters on the PEMFC performance, including the arrangement of round tables on both sides of the channel, radius, degree of sparseness, and number. It is found that the staggered arrangement can improve the cell performance more significantly, and the current density can be increased by 5.0% compared with the direct channel. With the proper increase of the radius and number of round tables, the round table stopper forces the reactant to diffuse downward and improves the uniformity of reactant distribution. Compared with other sparsity, the equidistant arrangement of stoppers in the channel is conductive to accelerating the convective mass transfer and drainage characteristics of the cell. As shown by numerical analysis results, the performance and dewatering efficiency of PEMFC are the best when the round tables on both sides are staggered, the radius is 0.65 mm, the number is 10, and the round table in the channel is arranged equidistantly.

The process of building students' competence must meet modern requirements and include the use of innovative technologies. The development trends of modern society have led to the emergence of a competency-based approach in vocational education. In the process of building professional competence, it is necessary to use technologies that meet the requirements of the Federal state educational standards which contribute to the development of practical focus of training. Among such technologies we single out technologies for holding a round table. The technologies of the round table are not new, but due to combination with various innovative technologies, they become more relevant. The implementation of the round table in the training of vocational education teachers is a discussion process that speculates about a relevant topic requiring a comprehensive analysis. Modern conditions provide arrangements of round tables with their own specifics. The purpose of the article is to identify the effectiveness of holding round tables in students’ preparation in higher educational institutions. The article presents basic principles on which the technology of the round table is based, its ideas and essence, as well as the features of its holding. A study conducted at a pedagogical university during the training of vocational education teachers is presented. It showed the need for implementing round-table technologies in preparing students for future professional activities, as the ones allowing students to build effective discussions, negotiate based on arguments and facts. We have identified the effectiveness of the "round tables" in the training of students in higher educational institutions. The study made it possible to establish the level of students’ preparedness for conducting effective discussions for the implementation of future professional activities in secondary vocational educational institutions. The technology of the round table allows to increase the knowledge level of students. The results can be used in students’ training in various faculties.

ObjectivesRapid responses to incidents are undertaken to ensure timely investigation, learning and swift implementation of change to avoid recurrence.1 Incidents are often analysed in isolation and recurring issues are not...

Three organizations, the Basic Acrylic Monomer Manufacturers (BAMM), Methacrylate Producers Association (MPA), and Vinyl Acetate Toxicology Group (VATG), have sponsored development of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models for nasal tissue dosimetry with, respectively, acrylic acid (AA), methyl methacrylate (MMA), and vinyl acetate (VA). These compounds cause lesions in nasal epithelial tissues and are classified as "Category 1" gases within the U.S. EPA (1994) classification scheme. The National Center for Environmental Assessment in the U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development also has continuing interests in refining its methods for dosimetry adjustments when data on mode of action are available for Category 1 gases. A round-table discussion was held in Research Triangle Park, NC, on 11-12 February 1998, to develop a broader appreciation of the key processes and parameters required in developing nasal tissue dosimetry models. The discussions at the round table drew on these three case studies and several background presentations to assess the manner in which chemical-specific and mode-of-action data can be incorporated into nasal dosimetry models. The round table had representation from the U.S. EPA, academia, and industry. This article outlines the presentations and topical areas discussed at the round table and notes recommendations made by participants to extend models for nasal dosimetry and to develop improved data for modeling. The contributions of several disciplines-toxicology, engineering, and physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling-were evident in the discussions. The integration of these disciplines in creating opportunities for dosimetry model applications in risk assessments has several advantages in the breadth of skills upon which to draw in model development. A disadvantage is in the need to provide venues and develop cross-discipline dialogue necessary to ensure the understanding of cultural attitudes, terminology, and methods. The round-table discussions were fruitful in achieving such enhanced understanding and communication. Subsequent elaboration of these models will benefit from the interactions of these groups at the round table. The round-table discussions have already led to model improvements-as noted in several recently published articles. Participants emphasized several generic data needs in relation to nasal vapor uptake studies in human subjects, to broader discussion of tissue diffusion models, and to extensions to other classes of gases. The round-table articles that are published separately in this issue and the discussions, captured in this overview, provide a glimpse of the state of the science in nasal dosimetry modeling and a clear indication of the growth of and continuing opportunities in this important research area.

Economics learning outcomes in X Social Science Class in State Senior High School 2 of Lamongan is Relatively Low, Researcher know this condition was based on the last test scores from economic teacher. To solve this problem, teachers are expected to the make the learning ambience more interesting. If the teacher can create an attractive learning ambience, the student’s learning outcomes will increase. One of strategy that can be applied by teachers is using cooperative learning. Cooperative learning strategies consist of several kinds. In this research, Researcher applied two kind of cooperative learning methods; make a match and round table. The purpose of this research is to determine the difference in student’s economics learning outcomes who taught by make a match and round table. This research used quasi-experimental research (quasi-experiment) with nonequivalent control group with pretest-posttest design. The results of this research concluded that there are differences in economics learning outcomes who taught by make a match and a round table in the X Social Science Class in State Senior High School 2 of Lamongan. The learning results who taught by make a match methods was upper than students who are taught by a round table methods. Keywords : Make a Match, Round Table, Learning Outcomes DOI: 10.17977/um013v1i12017p021

Three organizations, the Basic Acrylic Monomer Manufacturers (BAMM), Methacrylate Producers Association (MPA), and Vinyl Acetate Toxicology Group (VATG), have sponsored development of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models for nasal tissue dosimetry with, respectively, acrylic acid (AA), methyl methacrylate (MMA), and vinyl acetate (VA). These compounds cause lesions in nasal epithelial tissues and are classified as "Category 1" gases within the U.S. EPA (1994) classification scheme. The National Center for Environmental Assessment in the U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development also has continuing interests in refining its methods for dosimetry adjustments when data on mode of action are available for Category 1 gases. A round-table discussion was held in Research Triangle Park, NC, on 11-12 February 1998, to develop a broader appreciation of the key processes and parameters required in developing nasal tissue dosimetry models. The discussions at the round table drew on these three case studies and several background presentations to assess the manner in which chemical-specific and mode-of-action data can be incorporated into nasal dosimetry models. The round table had representation from the U.S. EPA, academia, and industry. This article outlines the presentations and topical areas discussed at the round table and notes recommendations made by participants to extend models for nasal dosimetry and to develop improved data for modeling. The contributions of several disciplines ? toxicology, engineering, and physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling ? were evident in the discussions. The integration of these disciplines in creating opportunities for dosimetry model applications in risk assessments has several advantages in the breadth of skills upon which to draw in model development. A disadvantage is in the need to provide venues and develop cross-discipline dialogue necessary to ensure the understanding of cultural attitudes, terminology, and methods. The round-table discussions were fruitful in achieving such enhanced understanding and communication. Subsequent elaboration of these models will benefit from the interactions of these groups at the round table. The round-table discussions have already led to model improvements ? as noted in several recently published articles. Participants emphasized several generic data needs in relation to nasal vapor uptake studies in human subjects, to broader discussion of tissue diffusion models, and to extensions to other classes of gases. The round-table articles that are published separately in this issue and the discussions, captured in this overview, provide a glimpse of the state of the science in nasal dosimetry modeling and a clear indication of the growth of and continuing opportunities in this important research area.

Dateline 1977: The LHRT as Connective Tissue

Il8ARTHURIANA shows the existence ofindoorand outdoor performances, frequententertainments by minstrels at ceremonial and social events, seasonal dramas at Christmas, Shrovetide, and Midsummer, household entertainments, and receptions for royal and noble visitors (all of which are listed in an Appendix whenever the records suggest some sort ofpublic display). The records that follow are divided into four localities, then subdivided by place and date, an arrangement that works especially well for situating Chester among its neighboring towns and parishes. Not surprisingly Chester claims center stage, given the wealth ofinformation that can be culled from sheriffs' rolls, mayors' lists, guild accounts, court records and other arms ofa record-keeping civic bureaucracy. A full apparatus of descriptions of the documents, explanatory and textual notes, translations, glossaries and index accompanies the records. While that apparatus is densewith valuable information, it can nonetheless be difficult for the non-specialist to locate everything needed to make sense of a particular entry, for instance, to be alerted that the mayors' list entry for 1269-70, which claims that 'In this yeare Whitson playes were invented in Chester by one Rondoll Higden...' derives from later revisions and so cannot be taken as thirteenth-century evidence of the date or authorship ofChester civic plays. For the specialist, however, these two fat volumes give the clearest, fullest picture of dramatic activity in Cheshire that scholarship can yield. Cheshire including Chester is the last in the series of REED volumes on the west of England, and thus fills in the final lines on the map of drama in that region. Like the other REED volumes that preceded it, this one makes available a wealth of information about early English drama and its cultural contexts and is an essential research tool for scholars of medieval theatricality and regional cultures. It makes a very welcome addition indeed to the history of performance. CLAIRE SPONSLER University of Iowa Richard barber, Richard brown, and julian MUNBY, EdwardIll's Round Table at Windsor. Woodbridge, UK, and Rochester, NY: The Boydell Press, 2007. Pp. xiv, 282. isbn: 978-1-84383-313-0. $47.95. In August 2006 a limited excavation took place at Windsor Castle on the site thought to be that of the Round Table built by Edward III in 1344. Construction of this building is well documented in the royal Exchequer accounts, and there is a brief description of it in Thomas Walsingham's chronicle. Edward abandoned the project before its completion, however, and no remains of the fabric survive above ground. The excavation, which took place over the three days of a public holiday weekend, was a limited one. Nonetheless, it identified the foundation trench of a large circular hall ofexactly the kind suggested, in their different ways, by both the chroniclers and the Exchequer accounts. The construction of the hall and its place in the world ofArthurian re-enactment form the twin subjects ofthis book. Richard Barber surveys late thirteenth-century Arthurian literature and the models which it REVIEWS119 afforded for a hall ofthis kind, whileJulian Munby offers a reconstruction ofits likely appearance, identifying contemporary parallels (notably Bellver in Majorca), and Munby again and the third co-author, Richard Brown, analyse the buildingaccounts and summarise the excavation finds. The great value ofthis multi-authored volume is that it highlights the close interaction ofimaginative literature and fourteenth-century chivalric practice. In a key contribution Richard Barber shows that, while there was a developing tradition in early fourteenth-century England of the construction of circular or octagonal buildings (think ofthe Ely Octagon), the main source on which Edward drew is likely to have been the hall described in the poem Perceforest. In a laterchapter, Barberoffers stimulatingsuggestions on the possible place ofthe Round Table in Edward's political and military thinking at this time. Placing the Round Table in the context of the role played by orders of chivalry in state formation, he plausibly suggests that the proposed company of knights was expected to support royal authority and to assist in military recruitment. Murimuth tells us that the Round Table was launched after a tournament in January 1344. Yet before the year was out, the project was abandoned and the half-finished building left incomplete. The authors...