Abstract
The growth pattern of staging transition in graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) has been analyzed by time- and space-resolved Raman scattering measurements of the electrochemical intercalation process in H 2SO 4-GICs. The staging kinetics can be controlled by changing the overpotential or electric current in two different modes of electrochemical intercalation. The choice of current and overpotential for a given mode can cause a variety of domain distribution of stages 1, 2, 3 and higher. The experimental results can be explained semiquantitatively in terms of one-dimensional diffusion in a multiphase system with moving phase boundaries. The mechanism for staging kinetics for the case of applying high overpotential or high current density is found as diffusion-limited. On the other hand, the rate of the chemical reaction at the interface plays a key role in the staging kinetics for low overpotential or low current density.
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