KHAT CHEWING AND LONG SLEEP DURATION ARE ASSOCIATED WITH ALTERED COAGULATION AND PLATELET PROFILES IN YOUNG YEMENI ADULTS: A MULTI-CENTER CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Isolated Prolonged Prothrombin Time Correlates with Serum Immunoglobulin Levels in Patients with Multiple Myeloma

Background: Pre-eclampsia is a multisystemic disorder complicating pregnancy. It is associated with a significant burden on maternal and perinatal health, especially when complicated by coagulation abnormalities. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the level of thrombocytopenia that predicts a risk of abnormalities of coagulation indices in severe preeclampsia and eclampsia. Materials and Methods: Haemostatic factors including platelet count, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and plasma fibrinogen were done for a cohort of 90 patients with severe preeclampsia and eclampsia at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City. Their demographic and laboratory data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.0 and GraphPad InStat 3 software. Results: Twenty-one (23.3%) of the 90 patients had eclampsia. Mean age was 29.78 ± 4.7 years, parity was 2.54 ± 1.6 and gestational age was 36.14 ± 2.9 weeks. Thrombocytopenia was found in 13 (14.4%) patients, whereas biochemical coagulopathy was found in 6 (6.7%) patients. Thrombocytopenia was 43% more likely with eclampsia than severe preeclampsia (47.6% vs 4.3, P = 0.001). Abnormal PT, APTT and plasma fibrinogen were more likely with platelet count below 80000 cell/µl (P = 0.046, P = 0.014 and P = 0.001, respectively). Eclampsia complicated with thrombocytopenia was associated with the most severe biochemical coagulopathy. Conclusion: Thrombocytopenia frequently complicates eclampsia more than severe preeclampsia at platelet count levels below 80000 cell/µl. This level is discriminatory for biochemical coagulopathy, and it should prompt coagulation studies and warrant clinical vigilance.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate haemostatic function in cattle with abomasal displacement (AD) and to reflect the occurrence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Ten adult cattle with left displacement of abomasum (LDA) (group I), 10 adult cattle with right displacement of abomasum with volvulus (RDA) (group II) and 10 clinically healthy adult cattle (control group) were used as material. Numbers of platelets (PLT) and coagulation tests (activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), serum fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDPs), fibrinogen) were measured before the surgical treatment of cattle with LDA and RDA. APTT was prolonged only in group II compared with the control and group I (p<0.05). However, when the individual values of coagulation profiles of each cow were evaluated, two cattle in group I and three cattle in group II had at least three abnormal coagulation profiles, which reflect the occurrence of DIC. These cattle died after surgical treatment. The two cattle with LDA had abnormal APTT, FDPs and PLT values; three cattle with RDA had abnormal APTT, PT, TT, FDPs and PLT values. APTT (5 cases), FDPs (5 cases) and thrombocytopenia (5 cases) were the three most common abnormal tests on coagulation profile in the cattle with LDA and RDA. The results of the study indicate that cattle with AD had a spectrum of haemostatic dysfunction and that DIC was a significant risk factor for mortality.

Coagulation screening using prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) is widely used. We performed an audit of coagulation screening in an Irish teaching hospital. We analysed PT and/or APTT results received during normal working hours during a 1-week period in our hospital. Abnormal results due to anticoagulants were excluded from further study. In samples with PT longer than 15.5 s and/or APTT longer than 42 s, we proceeded to 1: 1 mixing studies if the PT was prolonged and 1: 1 mixing studies, factor XII assay and lupus screen if the APTT was prolonged. We also obtained referral source for all samples and clinical details for abnormal samples. Six hundred and seventy-one coagulation requests were received during the study period. Three hundred and eighteen of 671 (47.4%) coagulation requests were for monitoring of anticoagulation. Three hundred and fifty-three of 671 (52.6%) requests were for coagulation screening rather than anticoagulant monitoring. In the coagulation screens received, PT was prolonged in 19 of 353 (5.4%). PT was longer than 20 s in four of 353 cases (1.1%). APTT was prolonged in 19 of 353 (5.4%). APTT was longer than 50 s in four of 353 (1.1%). No patients with abnormal PT or APTT had any bleeding sequelae during the study period. Unregulated coagulation screening has a low yield of abnormal results; the majority of these abnormal results show mild prolongation of PT or APTT with no evidence that they are associated with an increased bleeding risk.

Consensus Guidelines for Periprocedural Management of Coagulation Status and Hemostasis Risk in Percutaneous Image-guided Interventions

Coagulopathy and hemorrhage are known contributors to trauma mortality; however, the actual relationship of prothrombin time (PT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT) to mortality is unknown. Our objective was to measure the predictive value of the initial coagulopathy profile for trauma-related mortality. We reviewed prospectively collected data on trauma patients presenting to a Level I trauma center. A logistic regression analysis was performed of PT, PTT, platelet count, and confounders to determine whether coagulopathy is a predictor of all-cause mortality. From a trauma registry cohort of 20103 patients, 14397 had complete disposition data for initial analysis and 7638 had complete data for all variables in the final analysis. The total cohort was 76.2% male, the mean age was 38 years (range, 1-108 years), and the median Injury Severity Score was 9. There were 1276 deaths (all-cause mortality, 8.9%). The prevalence of coagulopathy early in the postinjury period was substantial, with 28% of patients having an abnormal PT (2994 of 10790) and 8% of patients having an abnormal PTT (826 of 10453) on arrival at the trauma bay. In patients with disposition data and a normal PT, 489 of 7796 died, as compared with 579 of 2994 with an abnormal PT (6.3% vs. 19.3%; chi2 = 414.1, p < 0.001). Univariate analysis generated an odds ratio of 3.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.15-4.08; p < 0.0001) for death with abnormal PT and 7.81 (95% CI, 6.65-9.17; p < 0.001) for deaths with an abnormal PTT. The PT and PTT remained independent predictors of mortality in a multiple regression model, whereas platelet count did not. The model also included the independent risk factors age, Injury Severity Score, scene and trauma-bay blood pressure, hematocrit, base deficit, and head injury. The model generated an adjusted odds ratio of 1.35 for PT (95% CI, 1.11-1.68; p < 0.001) and 4.26 for PTT (95% CI, 3.23-5.63; p < 0.001). The incidence of coagulation abnormalities, early after trauma, is high and they are independent predictors of mortality even in the presence of other risk factors. An initial abnormal PT increases the adjusted odds of dying by 35% and an initial abnormal PTT increases the adjusted odds of dying by 326%.

Catha edulis Forsk leaves " Khat " are chewed daily by a high proportion of the adult population in Yemen .The present study investigated the relationship between blood coagulation and khat chewing .In our study , we investigated the blood coagulation tests in two groups namely khat chewers group (n:30) and non– khat chewers group (n:60). The blood coagulation tests included bleeding time , clotting time , prothrombin time , partial thromboplastin time and platelets count. Statistical testing for data analysis included the student's t-test and chi 2 test. The results presented show the level of bleeding time , clotting time , prothrombin time , platelets count and platelets aggregation to be significantly different between khat chewers and non – khat chewers (p&lt; 0.05) , we observed decrease in bleeding time , clotting time and prothrombin time in khat chewers less than normal values and we also observed enhance in platelets aggregation in khat chewers in comparison with non – khat chewers . The results presented show the level of partial thromboplastin time to be non -significantly different (p &gt; 0.05) between both groups . The study concluded the khat chewing effects on blood coagulation physiology and consider as risk factor for blood coagulation system.&#x0D;

Diagnosis of early coagulation abnormalities in trauma patients by rotation thrombelastography.

Consensus Guidelines for Periprocedural Management of Coagulation Status and Hemostasis Risk in Percutaneous Image-guided Interventions

Purpose To explore whether and why abnormal coagulation function and hemorrhage can appear in patients with hyperleukocytic acute myeloid leukemia (HAML). Method We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 724 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients admitted with a white blood cell count of >100 × 109/L between 2010 and 2019 in order to analyze the coagulation index of patients with HAML and explore the correlation of abnormal coagulation. Result Prothrombin time (PT) was extended in group HAML compared with group non-HAML. Respiratory failure, intracranial hemorrhage, and infection were more common in the HAML group. Among the 76 HAML patients, there were 33 patients who had ≥3 abnormal items of coagulation index, and 51.5% of them had level 2 hemorrhage which was more than level 0 hemorrhage, and the difference is statistically significant (P < 0.01). Similarly, we can discover that 40.9% of patients with 2 abnormal items had level 2 hemorrhage in contrast to 0 abnormal items. The use of hydroxyurea had a significant effect on PT and D-dimer (DD). Survival analysis by the Kaplan–Meier method showed that there were statistically significant differences in white blood cell (WBC) count＞200 × 109//L and DD. Abnormal PT is associated with WBC count＞200 × 109//L, and abnormal activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) is associated with HLA-DR mutation. Infection and respiratory failure were independent influencing factors for the coagulation of patients. Conclusion DD had a marked effect on the survival rate. Infection and respiratory failure were independent influencing factors for the coagulation of patients.

Background: Diabetic patients are at higher risk of cardiovascular disease than non-diabetics. Elevated glucose level in type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can induce variations in blood composition and blood vesicles, which lead towards coagulation abnormalities and cardiovascular disease. Prothrombin Time (PT) Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) and platelet count are commonly used tests to assess the coagulation abnormalities of blood. Objectives: To evaluate the variations in PT, APTT and platelet count in T2DM and their correlation with glycated hemoglobin. Methodology: This cross sectional study was performed at Asia Diagnostic Center, Islamabad. Pre-diagnosed 52 adults with type 2 Diabetes mellitus, from 35 to 65 years of age, and 52 sex and age matched healthy subjects were considered as control in this study. Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c), APTT, PT and platelet counts were measured in both groups. Results: PT and APTT were significantly lower in T2DM patients (p value &lt; 0.0001) and platelet count was slightly higher in T2DM (p value = 0.13) than the control group. PT (r2= -0.23) and APTT (r2= -0.16) were negatively correlated with HbA1c, while platelet count was positively correlated with HbA1c (r2=0.23) in T2DM group. Conclusion: From our study, it was concluded that low PT and APTT with relatively high platelet count in T2DM than control group may induce coagulopathies that can lead toward thrombosis in T2DM patients.

A World Federation of Hemophilia External Quality Assessment Scheme has been established to promote high standards of laboratory performance in haemophilia centres worldwide. Results from 21 International Haemophilia Training Centres (IHTCs) provide target values for the prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), factor VIII:C, IX:C and von Willebrand factor (VWF) assays, against which the performance of Haemophilia Centres in developing countries (HCs) can be assessed. Eight surveys were distributed over a 3-year period between 1994 and 1997. A higher proportion of HCs failed to identify an abnormal PT or APTT in samples from donors with mild deficiencies of the extrinsic and intrinsic systems, respectively. For factor VIII:C and IX:C assays, agreement between HC results was consistently poorer than between IHTCs. However, improvement in between-centre agreement could be seen for two samples distributed on more than one occasion. A minority of HCs perform assays for VWF, and a questionnaire revealed equipment and reagent costs as limiting the range of assays which could be carried out in several centres. However, agreement was in some cases better between those HCs that did perform VWF assays than between IHTCs. The problems of screening test sensitivity and between-centre agreement for factor assays need to be addressed, together with the limitations which prevent HCs from performing a full range of tests in the diagnosis and treatment of bleeding disorders.

Intraoperative measurement of activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time by a portable laser photometer in patients following cardiopulmonary bypass

33 A STUDY ON COAGULATION PROFILE IN PATIENTS OF CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE

Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) benefit patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis. Nevertheless, this therapy is associated with considerable postoperative pain due to the extensive abdominal incision. While epidural analgesia offers efficacious pain control, CRS and HIPEC therapy is associated with perioperative coagulopathy that may impact its use. The purpose of this retrospective study is to characterize the postoperative coagulopathy in this patient subset and to develop a model that will help predict those at risk. Our database of patients treated with CRS and HIPEC (n = 171) was reviewed to assess perioperative changes in platelet count, international normalized ratio (INR), and partial thromboplastin time (PTT). Abnormal coagulation was defined by platelet count < 100 × 10-9·L-1, INR ≥ 1.5, or PTT ≥ 45 sec. Severe abnormality in coagulation was defined by platelet count < 50 ×10-9·L-1, INR > 2.0, and/or PTT > 60 sec. A logistic regression model was developed to determine if patient, disease, and/or surgical factor(s) were associated with the development of postoperative coagulopathy. Epidural catheter management in this patient population was also reviewed. Significant differences (adjusted P < 0.007) were noted between median preoperative and postoperative platelet and INR values on postoperative days (POD) 0 through 6 and days 0 through 3, respectively. Highest observed median differences between preoperative and postoperative values showed a decrease in platelet count of 94 × 10-9·L-1 (POD 2 and POD 3), an increase in INR of 0.2 (POD 0 to POD 2), and a decrease in PTT of 3.1 sec (POD 5). Coagulopathy and severe coagulopathy occurred in 38% and 4.7% of patients, respectively. Predictors of coagulopathy included intraoperative transfusion of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) and perhaps the peritoneal carcinomatosis index (PCI). Epidural catheters were inserted in 26 patients for a median [IQR] duration of 7.0 [5.0-7.0] days without complication. At the time of their removal, no blood products were required to correct abnormal coagulation values. Altered coagulation may appear during the postoperative period in approximately 40% of our patients treated with CRS and HIPEC. Intraoperative transfusion of RBCs and possibly increased PCI are associated with abnormal postoperative coagulation. Close monitoring of coagulation parameters is required to help ensure safe removal of an epidural catheter.