Abstract
We recently demonstrated that redesigning dendrite-prone zinc anodes as 3D monolithic Zn architectures solves the limited rechargeability of alkaline batteries. Three structural features of these emulsion–derived “sponges” physically ensure dendrite suppression: (i) long-range electronic conductivity within the electrode volume throughout charge–discharge; (ii) more uniform current distribution; and (iii) confined internal void volume that controls Zn/Zn2+ precipitation/dissolution dynamics and product redistribution. With Li-ion competitive cyclability to deep depths-of-discharge (theoretical DODZn), primary utilization to >90% DODZn (with >90% recovery), and tens of thousands of cycles at low-DODZn creates new performance curves for the entire family of alkaline Zn batteries (Ni–Zn, Ag–Zn, MnO₂–Zn, Zn–air) plus neutral pH zinc-ion batteries. Our second-generation emulsion protocol increases volumetric density of the sponge, which improves the energy density of the cell, and adds mechanical ruggedness to the anode. Development paths for this safer energy-storage breakthrough will be discussed.
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