Key elements, processes and research gaps in city learning as an innovation ecosystem: A scoping review.

Abstract

Learning in cities with the support of Information and Communication Technologies has been a point of interest for researchers. The main objective of this study is to understand city learning, or learning in cities, where cities are considered learning and innovation ecosystems. This study explores how learning in cities is supported by existing frameworks for city transformations and identifies the key elements and processes for city learning as an innovation ecosystem. The study defines city learning as a process involving citizens, institutions, and communities and considers the city to be a system that can learn and innovate. The study conducts a scoping review of relevant literature and a qualitative analysis of the key characteristics of the frameworks, such as how they view the city, how they address learning, what interactions they focus on, and how they use Information and Communication Technology. The study identifies the main concepts, the key elements and processes in city learning and the current research gaps. The key elements and interactions are then described with reference to a conceptual model of the city ecosystem, and the elements are mapped with required processes to drive city learning. The findings from this study can help ascertain how a city can learn as an innovation ecosystem and can be beneficial for achieving twin transitions of the city and lifelong learning