Abstract
Crystal structures of ketoconazole oxalate salt (1) and three co-crystals with fumaric (2), succinic (3), and adipic (4) acids in 1:1 stoichiometry were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction in which 1 forms oxalate dimers involved in ionic interaction with the imidazole ring of ketoconazole molecules, while 2–4 display 4-member circuit networks between hydrogen-bonded ketoconazole and coformer molecules. The salt and co-crystal nature of 1–4 was confirmed by combining single-crystal X-ray diffraction, ss-NMR, and lattice energy calculations. Ketoconazole molecules show highly similar conformations and crystal packing in co-crystals 2 and 3, while different conformers are present in the 1, 2, and 4 structures. For all salt and co-crystals, powder dissolution measurements revealed a significant solubility improvement compared to ketoconazole, and the solubility of 1–4 is contrary to the solubility values of the corresponding acids. A 100-fold solubility increase in water was obtained by ketoconazo...
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