Abstract
The study presents data on the karyotype characteristics, features of chromosomal polymorphism and the gene COI sequences of Chironomus heteropilicornis Wülker, 1996 (Diptera, Chironomidae) from the South Caucasus. We found 8 banding sequences in the Caucasian population. Overall, The Caucasian population of the species can be characterized as having a low level of polymorphism. We found one new banding sequence hpiA2 in the banding sequence pool of Ch. heteropilicornis. We observed inversion polymorphism only in the arm F. The dendrogram of genetic distances by Nei criteria (1972) shows a clear separation of the Caucasian population from populations of Siberia. At the same time, the distance between populations of Siberia and the population of South Caucasus (0.379–0.445) almost reach the mean distance (0.474 ± 0.314) between subspecies (Gunderina 2001). Due to this, we can assume that the population of South Caucasus separated from Siberian populations at the level of subspecies. Constructed on data for COI gene sequences the phylogenetic tree estimated by the Bayesian inference shows that the sequences of Ch. heteropilicornis from the South Caucasus form a separate line in the general branch of Ch. heteropilicornis sequences. At the same time, calculated K2P genetic distances between Ch. heteropilicornis sequences from Norway and Caucasus (2.0–2.2%) do not exceed the 3% threshold for the genus Chironomus.
Highlights
IntroductionWülker first described Chironomus heteropilicornis Wülker, 1996 from Sweden and Finland
The aim of the work was to present the description of karyotype characteristics, chromosomal polymorphism and gene cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences of Ch. heteropilicornis from the South Caucasus
We identified the larvae belonging to the genus Chironomus Meigen, 1803 in the studied site as Ch. heteropilicornis by both morphological and chromosomal characteristics
Summary
Wülker first described Chironomus heteropilicornis Wülker, 1996 from Sweden and Finland. According to the Fauna Europaea web source (Pape and Beuk 2016) the species is known in Europe from Sweden and Finland. According to Kiknadze and Istomina (2011) and Kiknadze et al (2016), the species was found in North Germany (Aldorf-Markonah, about 40 km south-west of Bremen) and Russia (several sites from the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)). The species Ch. heteropilicornis belongs to Ch. pilicornis group of closely related species. The group was proposed by Wülker (1996) and consists of two species: Ch. heteropilicornis and Ch. pilicornis Fabricius, 1787
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