Abstract
This paper deals with two new methods, based on k-NN algorithm, for fault detection and classification in distance protection. In these methods, by finding the distance between each sample and its fifth nearest neighbor in a pre-default window, the fault occurrence time and the faulty phases are determined. The maximum value of the distances in case of detection and classification procedures is compared with pre-defined threshold values. The main advantages of these methods are: simplicity, low calculation burden, acceptable accuracy, and speed. The performance of the proposed scheme is tested on a typical system in MATLAB Simulink. Various possible fault types in different fault resistances, fault inception angles, fault locations, short circuit levels, X/R ratios, source load angles are simulated. In addition, the performance of similar six well-known classification techniques is compared with the proposed classification method using plenty of simulation data.
Highlights
Distance protection is one of the major protections of power systems, utilized for detection, classification, and location of short circuit faults
Some of fault detection methods are based on Kalman filter [1], first derivative method, Fourier transform (FT), and least squares [2]
7 Conclusion Two simple methods for fault detection and classification are presented in this paper
Summary
Distance protection is one of the major protections of power systems, utilized for detection, classification, and location of short circuit faults. Two new methods are presented for detection and classification of faults. K-NN algorithm is applied to these normalized waveforms and their squares in classification and detection methods, respectively. The classification method has a similar trend, but the k-NN algorithm is applied to the instantaneous values of normalized three-phase currents and length of the window is three quarters of a cycle. Various scenarios including different fault types, fault inception angles, fault resistances, fault locations, sources phase angles, X/R ratios, and short circuit levels are used to evaluate the performance of the methods in a simulated typical five-bus power system.
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