Judicial System In The North Caucasus In The 1820S-1850S

Abstract

The judicial system problems in the Central Caucasus in the XIX century are closely connected with the practice of political development and the formation of a specific control model, in which the court and the administration were two components of a single management system. By the end of the 1850s in the North Caucasus had developed a rather peculiar hierarchy of judicial institutions, which were based on the organizational principles of the state administration of justice. At the same time, the concrete-historical features of the region's entry into the Russian Empire and its social and cultural specificity caused the originality of the regional judicial system and judicial proceedings. The article analyzes the court system in the North Caucasus, formed based on specially developed for the Caucasus legislative acts. For the first time, the correlation question of the regional judicial system and the court system of the Russian Empire is raised and resolved. The document analysis of legislative character shows that the regional justice system was constructed by analogy with all-Russian, but had thus the specificity caused by administrative control features of the territory. For civilians created courts, similar to the Russian, but adapted to the conditions of the Caucasus. The mechanisms of the judicial system and judicial proceedings were developed for the mountain population, and the government-wide law was correlated with the local legal practice. The specificity of the system administration of justice in the Caucasus was the combination in the same instances of both purely judicial and administrative authorities.