Abstract
The ability of an organism to adapt to aversive stressful situations or life challenging circumstances is very crucial to its state of health and survival. However, breakdown in adaptation due to persistent uncontrollable stress, leads to impairment of bodily functions and onset of a variety of pathological disorders especially memory decline. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of Jobelyn® (JB), a potent antioxidant sorghum-based food supplement on unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS)-induced memory impairment in mice. Male Swiss mice were given JB (5 - 50 mg/kg, p.o) 30 min prior to exposure to UCMS for 14 consecutive days before testing for memory. Thereafter, the serum corticosterone level was estimated by using ELISA kits. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) as well as acetylcholinesterase activity were estimated in the brain homogenate using spectrophotometer. Histology of the brain tissues and estimation of the populations of viable neurons in the hippocampal region were done after staining with hematoxyline and eosin. Our results showed that JB reversed memory impairment and suppressed corticosterone concentrations induced by UCMS. Moreover, JB reduced oxidative stress in the brain of UCMS-mice as shown by decreased MDA levels and elevated GSH concentrations. It also decreased brain acetylcholinesterase activity when compared with chronic stress group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, JB (5 - 10 mg/kg, p.o) offered significant protection against UCMS-induced degeneration and death of neuronal cells of the cornu ammonis 3 (CA3) of the hippocampal region of the brain indicating neuroprotection. Taken together, these findings suggest that JB attenuates memory deficits induced by UCMS in mice and may be useful therapeutically for stress-related cognitive dysfunctions. The reduction in the levels of serum corticosterone, antioxidation, neuroprotection and inhibition of cholinesterase enzyme might be contributing significantly to the positive effect of JB on memory in mice exposed to unpredictable chronic mild stress.
Highlights
Stress is an integral component of human life, and is considered to be any condition which results in perturbation of the body’s homeostasis [1]
Effect of Jobelyn® on Memory Impairment Induced By Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress
Jobelyn® Reduces Oxidative Stress in the Brain of Mice Exposed to Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress
Summary
Stress is an integral component of human life, and is considered to be any condition which results in perturbation of the body’s homeostasis [1]. The brain is the major regulator of stress response as it plays a critical role in the body’s perception of stress [3] [4]. Long-term exposure to cortisol has been reported to damage cells in the hippocampus, the brain region that plays a critical role in memory functions [6] [7]. This damage results in impaired learning and inhibits memory retrieval of already stored information [7]-[9]. Chronic stress has been shown to impair hippocampus-dependent object recognition memory in both humans and rodents [13]. The UCMS mimics the ways humans encounter stressors on daily basis and more suitable for elucidation of pathological impacts of stress
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