Jet Power Extracted from ADAF and the Applications to X‐Ray Binaries and the Radio Galaxy FR Dichotomy

Abstract

We calculate the jet power of the classical Blandford-Znajek (BZ) model and hybrid model developed by Meier based on the global solutions of advection-dominated accretion flows (ADAFs) surrounding Kerr black holes. We find that the jet power of the hybrid model is larger than that of the pure BZ model. The jet power will dominate over the accretion power, and the objects will enter into jet-power-dominated advective systems,'' when the accretion rate is less than a critical value m(c) = M-c/M-Edd, where 3 x 10(-4) less than or similar to m(c) less than or similar to 5 x 10(-3) is a function of black hole spin parameter. The accretion power will be dominant when m greater than or similar to m(c), and the objects will enter into accretion-power-dominated advective systems.'' This is roughly consistent with that constrained from the low/hard-state black hole X-ray binaries (e. g., Fender et al.). We calculate the maximal jet power as a function of black hole mass with the hybrid jet formation model, and find it can roughly reproduce the dividing line of the Ledlow-Owen relation for FR I/FR II dichotomy in jet the power-black hole (BH) mass plane (Q(jet)-M-BH) if the dimensionless accretion rate m similar to 0.01 and BH spin parameter j similar to 0.9-0.99 are adopted. This accretion rate m similar to 0.01 is consistent with that of the critical accretion rate for the accretion mode transition of a standard disk to an ADAF constrained from the state transition of X-ray binaries. Our results imply that most FR I galaxies may be in the ADAF accretion mode similar to the low/hard-state XRBs.