Abstract
This research is intended to explain the reasons for Japan's rejection of the anti-whaling norms. To investigate this, a qualitative approach was used with document-based data methods, both primary and secondary. Japan is one of the industrialized countries that have stopped hunting for commercial breaks because of the moratorium in 1982. This moratorium is a form of development of the anti-whaling norm. This research found that Japan is a country that chooses not to this norm with several reasons that state as a strong background for not including and not accepting the norm. This is evidenced by the continuing Japanese whaling through the scientific whaling program. If Japan stops this norm, so all Japanese whaling practices will also stop. The Japanese decision was the result of consideration in understanding norms through a better social context by Japan itself and Japanese society in general who could state in the concept of legitimacy of international norms. This decision was taken from Japan to decide to withdraw from the International Whaling Commission (IWC) in December 2018 which is also Japan's behavior after understanding this social context.
Highlights
The issue of animal welfare has become an issue that has begun to be widely discussed in international forums
Among them were discussed in the Convention on International Trade in Endaged Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES) and the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment (UNCHE) in 1972
The development of this anti-whaling norm has a long history, besides Japan, Norway and Iceland which still support whaling, other major countries that have been involved in the commercial whaling industry are the United States, the Netherlands, and Russia, and the United Kingdom
Summary
The issue of animal welfare has become an issue that has begun to be widely discussed in international forums. Whale hunting has various problems including the issue of research-based natural resources (scientific), animal welfare, to cultural issues [1] The development of this anti-whaling norm has a long history, besides Japan, Norway and Iceland which still support whaling, other major countries that have been involved in the commercial whaling industry are the United States, the Netherlands, and Russia, and the United Kingdom. Countries or groups that consider the moratorium unprofitable and protested by pro-whaling countries such as Norway, Iceland and especially Japan Before this moratorium was enforced, Japan's whaling industry area covered Antarctica to the waters of South Oceania and even entered the United States Exclusive Economic Zone, with the moratorium the Japanese whaling industry area automatically experienced a shrinking area and reduced number of hunted, and decreased meat consumption. Japan, which was under pressure from anti-whaling groups, decided to withdraw on December 28, 2018, which was the culmination of Japan's decision to maintain whaling
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