Abstract
Our aim is to present the thought of Jan Patocka and the philosophical debates stimulated by his positions. The core of his thought is, on our opinion, human existence as essentially transcending the given and disclosing its essential freedom. Patocka’s phenomenological research seeks an “asubjective phenomenology” and a conceptualization of existence as movement (diversified in the three movements of human existence). In Philosophy of History, Patocka focuses on the origins of Europe and at the essential transformations which have led to an absolute dominion of technical reason. In this situation, only sacrifice seems to offer a possibility to counter the absoluteness of technical civilisation. Finally, we confront Patocka and Levinas, and we show that a fundamental debate between ontological pluralism and ontological monism is stirred. This debate is of essential importance in the fields of Ethics and Politics. Patocka’s thought is, then, an example of how phenomenology is still timely.
Highlights
RESUMEN: Nuestro objetivo es presentar el pensamiento de Jan PatocÁka y los debates filosóficos que suscitan sus posiciones
Our aim is to present the thought of Jan PatocÁka and the philosophical debates stimulated by his positions
In Philosophy of History, PatocÁka focuses on the origins of Europe and at the essential transformations which have led to an absolute dominion of technical reason
Summary
En el panorama de la fenomenología del siglo XX, la obra de Jan Patocka ocupa un lugar singular. Desde un punto de vista teórico, su obra es vasta y variada, sin que carezca de unidad, aportando importantes contribuciones a la fenomenología, a la filosofía de la historia y a la reflexión filosófica sobre Europa. El conocimiento de los estudios de Patocka lleva a que las problemáticas por él tratadas recobren actualidad, de modo que su perspectiva se hace valer junto a la de otros autores del momento, como Merleau-Ponty. Son notables asimismo sus contribuciones en los estudios sobre Comenius, contribuyendo a un mejor conocimiento del fundador de la pedagogía, así como una meditación más ponderada de los movimientos espirituales que tuvieron lugar en el tránsito entre el Renacimiento y la modernidad. Buscamos presentar la obra de Patocka en lo que, a nuestro juicio, constituye su núcleo fundamental: la fenomenología y la filosofía de la historia. Para nuestro objetivo se impone la tarea de presentar su trabajo en fenomenología y filosofía de la historia, tras lo cual habremos de exponer sus relaciones mutuas y las cuestiones suscitadas
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