Abstract
THE mutual "discovery" of Japan and the West began in the middle of the 16th century, when Europeans, three Portuguese sailors from a ship blown off course, landed in Japan. The first Western ships entered the Japanese islands a year or two later, bringing traders and missionaries.1 By 1570, there were 20 missionaries in Japan, the most famous being Francis Xavier, earlier cofounder of the Jesuits, who had arrived in 1549 for a two-year stay. Although these early visitors were well received, being learned and well bred, later arrivals engaged in slaving and other brutalities, which the Japanese soon found . . .
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