Abstract
The treatment of avian liver disease requires a full assessment of the avian patient before specific therapy. Adequate stabilization and appropriate supportive care is vital to producing a successful outcome, and these procedures are described. Specific therapies of bacterial, fungal, parasitic, and viral infections affecting the avian liver are discussed. Noninfectious injuries to the liver such as toxicities, metabolic disorders, and neoplasia are also discussed with regard to treatment options.
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