Abstract
In our information-driven society, individuals increasingly consume news instantly via online platforms, including news websites, social media, blogs, and forums. In particular, social media platforms have become fertile ground for the proliferation of fake news, where false information is produced and widely disseminated, often from untraceable IP addresses (Shae and Tsai 2019). These platforms serve as near-perfect conduits for spreading news to a vast audience, given their ability to attract followers. Consequently, the emergence of viral content or 'hotspots' has facilitated the rampant spread of fake news in cyberspace (Dice 2017; Shae and Tsai 2019). This trend has significant implications for global media industries. News editors who receive information via social media often have limited capacity to verify its authenticity, as they might with traditional sources. The task of distinguishing real news from fake becomes increasingly intricate and demanding in the highly competitive media landscape. Various media platforms have started to select and publish posts, comments, and articles from an array of sources without sufficient verification (Wilding and Fray 2018). As a result, assessing the credibility of information has become immensely challenging due to the sheer volume of news, the fragmentation of sources, and the prevalence of biased social cues.
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