Abstract
Israel’s political system is almost a synonym for electoral fragmentation and multilevel political instability. Yet, one position within Israel is quite stable: the prime minister’s position. Based on research of leadership patterns in parliamentary systems, I show that Israeli prime ministers use electoral fragmentation to maneuver between institutional settings: cabinets, governments, parliaments, and their parties. The variance between levels of institutional instability accords with four leadership patterns of prime ministers: as part of the party’s leadership collective, party-based, prime ministerialized, or presidentialized. These leadership patterns depend on the party system’s structure, Prime Ministers’ popularity and the interaction with the party they lead. These factors affect Prime Ministers’ ability to use Israel’s electoral fragmentation to survive in office. Consequently, they reflect different modes of operation for prime ministers and yield different patterns of political instability in Israel.
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