Abstract
Amino acids are the building blocks of biomacromolecules in organisms, among which isoleucine (Ile) is the precursor of JA-Ile, an active molecule of phytohormone jasmonate (JA). JA is essential for diverse plant defense responses against biotic and abiotic stresses. Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic nutritional fungal pathogen that causes the second most severe plant fungal disease worldwide and infects more than 200 kinds of monocot and dicot plant species. In this study, we demonstrated that Ile application enhances plant resistance against B. cinerea in Arabidopsis, which is dependent on the JA receptor COI1 and the jasmonic acid-amido synthetase JAR1. The mutant lib with higher Ile content in leaves exhibits enhanced resistance to B. cinerea infection. Furthermore, we found that the exogenous Ile application moderately enhanced plant resistance to B. cinerea in various horticultural plant species, including lettuce, rose, and strawberry, suggesting a practical and effective strategy to control B. cinerea disease in agriculture. These results together showed that the increase of Ile could positively regulate the resistance of various plants to B. cinerea by enhancing JA signaling, which would offer potential applications for crop protection.
Highlights
Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic nutritional fungal pathogen that infects more than 200 kinds of monocot and dicot plants and subsequently causes gray mold disease, which is the second most common plant fungal disease worldwide (Williamson et al, 2007; Dean et al, 2012; AbuQamar et al, 2017)
We sprayed 20 amino acids on Arabidopsis wild-type (WT) plants Col-0 for 2 days and subsequently inoculated B. cinerea spores on the leaves to examine the effects of amino acids on plant defense against B. cinerea infection
This study identified Ile as an enhancer for plant resistance to the necrotrophic pathogen B. cinerea in Arabidopsis and other horticultural plants, such as lettuces, roses, and strawberries (Figures 1–3, 5)
Summary
Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic nutritional fungal pathogen that infects more than 200 kinds of monocot and dicot plants and subsequently causes gray mold disease, which is the second most common plant fungal disease worldwide (Williamson et al, 2007; Dean et al, 2012; AbuQamar et al, 2017). B. cinerea infection may occur from the seedling stage to fruit ripening stage and even during the storage and transport in the retail chain (Dean et al, 2012). Global costs are greater than €1 billion annually for B. cinerea control, which includes agronomic and horticultural practices, fungicides, biological control, and postharvest treatments (Dean et al, 2012; Petrasch et al, 2019). Increasing fungicide resistance is a severe challenge to fungicide applications and the agricultural management practice for B. cinerea (Kretschmer et al, 2009; Rupp et al, 2016). In. Ile Regulates Plant Defense addition, Bacillus subtilis-based biological control is limited by insufficient applicability in the field and high costs (Petrasch et al, 2019). Safer, pollution-free, and affordable strategies for controlling B. cinerea are worthy of discovery
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