Abstract
A Gram-stain-negative, facultatively aerobic, pink and oval bacterium, designed OS4T, was isolated from a sediment sample taken from a coastal zone in China. The growth of OS4T occurred at 20–37 °C (optimal 25 °C), pH 7.0–8.5 (optimal pH 8.0), in 0–5.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimal 2.0%). According to the phylogenetic analysis, strain OS4T showed the highest sequence similarity (96.04%) with Jannaschia aquimarina GSW-M26T and shared 94.98% similarity with the type species of genus Jannaschia-strain J. helgolandensis 14858T. Chemotaxonomic analysis showed that the sole respiratory quinone was ubiquinone 10, and the major fatty acids (>5.0%) included C18:1 ω6c/ω7c, C18:0, and C10:0 3OH. The polar lipids consist of three phospholipids, two unknown amino-lipids, and four unknown glycerolipids. The DNA G + C content was 72.7 mol%. Based on the evidence presented in this study, strain OS4T represents a novel species of the genus Jannaschia, for which the name Jannaschia sedimins sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is OS4T (=KCTC 82508T = MCCC 1K03755T). Both the phenotypic and the genetic analysis on the antimicrobial resistance genes indicate that OS4T is resistant to a wide range of classes of antibiotics, which highlights that the ocean could potentially serve as the natural reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes.
Highlights
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens and their resistance traits is an epic global challenge and plays a heavy burden on the global health care system [1]
The assembled 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain OS4T was submitted to the National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) GenBank database to search for similar sequences using the blast algorithm and confirmed by using the EzBioCloud database [25]
Transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation of OS4T indicated that OS4T was non-flagella, which was similar to the relatively closed strains J. helgolandensis 14858T and J. aquimarina GSW-M26T (Figure 2) [7,18]
Summary
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens and their resistance traits is an epic global challenge and plays a heavy burden on the global health care system [1]. A detailed investigation on the taxonomy of novel microorganisms isolated from the aquatic environment and how the genomic and phenotypic features contribute to antibiotic resistance may have a significant potential on better understanding the mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in the natural environment. At the time of writing, 12 species are assigned to this genus, including J. cystaugens The morphology and physiology were examined after incubation at 28 ◦C for 2 days on MA. Bacterial motility was determined in marine broth (MB) supplemented with 0.3% agar according to the method previously described by Bernardet et al [21]. Additional physiological or biochemical characteristics were tested by using API 20E, API ZYM (bioMérieux), and Biolog GEN III kits (BiOLOG) according to the manufacturer’s instructions (except NaCl, which was adjusted to 3%).
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