Abstract
The aim of this study was to isolate some soil bacteria strain that produced α-amylase and subsequent extraction and purification. One hundred soil samples were collected from different geographical areas in Khartoum State such as north Omdurman, Toti Island, and Soba. Samples were analyzed for starch hydrolyzing bacteria. Among several bacteria isolated, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus licheniformis were identified as active α-amylase producers. Both bacteria showed a large zone of clearance of 20 mm when grown on starch-agar plates. The identity was conducted using biochemical characterization and confirmed by sequencing their 16S-rDNA. The constitutive nature of amylase was proved by amplification of the amylase gene from the genome of B. licheniformis. The α-amylase activity from the spent medium of B. cereus and B. licheniformis was optimized at pH 8.0 and temperature of 45°C and 65°C, respectively. The α-amylase produced by both bacteria is alkalophilic and thermophilic. The experiments confirmed that B. licheniformis can be a good source of amylase for industrial applications in Sudan.
Highlights
Amylases are starch degrading enzymes that cleave the α- 14 glucosidal linkage of complex polysaccharides [1]. α-Amylase (EC 3.2.11) is endo-hydrolyases that acts on α-(1,4)-glucosidic linkages in starch and other related oligoand polysaccharides, causing the release of maltooligosaccharides and glucose on the α-anomeric form; α-amylases are essential for the conversion of starch into oligosaccharides and are critical for many organisms that use starch as a primary source of energy. α-Amylase has potential applications in a number of industrial processes, such as processes in food, fermentation, and pharmaceutical industries [2, 3]
Starch degrading bacteria are mostly important in food, textile, fermentation, and paper industries. e isolation and manipulation of pure culture of starch degrading microorganism from soil have great importance on the biotechnology field. us, isolating and manipulating pure culture from various waste materials has manifold importance for various biotechnology industries. e amylaseproducing bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis, B. licheniformis, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. cereus, and B. megaterium and fungi such as Aspergillus Niger, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Cephalosporium, and Neurospora are major amylase-producing microorganisms [5]
Microbial amylases have been proved to be an alternative to chemical hydrolysis, and the low yield of the enzyme has always been a problem in the commercial production of amylases [6]. e thermophilic organisms are Biochemistry Research International of special interest as a source of novel thermostable enzymes [7]. e advantages for using thermostable α-amylase in the industrial process include the decreased risk of contamination, the increased diffusion rate, and belonging to the genus Bacillus for industrial applications such as B. amyloliquefaciens, B. stearothermophilus, B. cereus, and B. licheniformis [8]
Summary
Amylases are starch degrading enzymes that cleave the α- 14 glucosidal linkage of complex polysaccharides [1]. α-Amylase (EC 3.2.11) is endo-hydrolyases that acts on α-(1,4)-glucosidic linkages in starch and other related oligoand polysaccharides, causing the release of maltooligosaccharides and glucose on the α-anomeric form; α-amylases are essential for the conversion of starch into oligosaccharides and are critical for many organisms that use starch as a primary source of energy. α-Amylase has potential applications in a number of industrial processes, such as processes in food, fermentation, and pharmaceutical industries [2, 3]. Amylases are starch degrading enzymes that cleave the α- 14 glucosidal linkage of complex polysaccharides [1]. Starch degrading bacteria are mostly important in food, textile, fermentation, and paper industries. E isolation and manipulation of pure culture of starch degrading microorganism from soil have great importance on the biotechnology field. Us, isolating and manipulating pure culture from various waste materials has manifold importance for various biotechnology industries. E amylaseproducing bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis, B. licheniformis, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. cereus, and B. megaterium and fungi such as Aspergillus Niger, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Cephalosporium, and Neurospora are major amylase-producing microorganisms [5]. E advantages for using thermostable α-amylase in the industrial process include the decreased risk of contamination, the increased diffusion rate, and belonging to the genus Bacillus for industrial applications such as B. amyloliquefaciens, B. stearothermophilus, B. cereus, and B. licheniformis [8]. E aim of this study was to isolate, extract, and purify molecular characterization of thermostable α-amylase from locally isolated Bacillus species from the soil in Sudan
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