Abstract
Porcine sapelovirus (PSV) is an important emerging pathogen associated with a wide variety of diseases in swine, including acute diarrhoea, respiratory distress, skin lesions, severe neurological disorders, and reproductive failure. Although PSV is widespread, serological assays for field-based epidemiological studies are not yet available. Here, four PSV strains were recovered from diarrheic piglets, and electron microscopy revealed virus particles with a diameter of ~32 nm. Analysis of the entire genome sequence revealed that the genomes of PSV isolates ranged 7569–7572 nucleotides in length. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolated viruses were classified together with strains from China. Additionally, monoclonal antibodies for the recombinant PSV-VP1 protein were developed to specifically detect PSV infection in cells, and we demonstrated that isolated PSVs could only replicate in cells of porcine origin. Using recombinant PSV-VP1 protein as the coating antigen, we developed an indirect ELISA for the first time for the detection of PSV antibodies in serum. A total of 516 swine serum samples were tested, and PSV positive rate was 79.3%. The virus isolates, monoclonal antibodies and indirect ELISA developed would be useful for further understanding the pathophysiology of PSV, developing new diagnostic assays, and investigating the epidemiology of the PSV.
Highlights
Sapelovirus is a new genus within the family Picornaviridae
The plaque-purified viruses were examined under Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and the results showed that spherical, non-enveloped virus particles of approximately 32 nm in diameter were observed (Figure 1C)
The results revealed that the entire genome of isolated porcine Sapelovirus (PSV) ranged from ranged from 7569–7572 nucleotides, including 490 nucleotides of 5′-untranslated region (UTR) sequence and 83
Summary
Sapelovirus is a new genus within the family Picornaviridae. Currently, this genus comprises porcine Sapelovirus (PSV), simian Sapelovirus, avian Sapelovirus, and unclassifiedSapelovirus isolated from bat, marmot, California sea lion, and mouse [1]. Sapelovirus is a new genus within the family Picornaviridae. This genus comprises porcine Sapelovirus (PSV), simian Sapelovirus, avian Sapelovirus, and unclassified. The Sapelovirus genome is a positive-strand RNA of approximately 7.5 kb in length, with the typical picornavirus genome organization: a 50 untranslated region (UTR), a single large open reading frame (ORF), a 30 -UTR, and a poly (A) tail. The ORF encodes a single polyprotein that is subsequently cleaved by virus encoding proteases into twelve proteins, including leader protein, four structural proteins (VP1-VP4) and seven nonstructural functional proteins (2A, 2B, 2C, 3A, 3B, 3C, and 3D) [2]. The capsid proteins of Sapelovirus are composed of four structural proteins located at the virion surface and exhibit high sequence variability [1]. VP1 protein, the most dominant and variable viral protein, has proven useful in determining genetic relationships among picornaviruses [3,4,5,6]
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