Isolation and characterization of exosomes from adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the subject of intense research as they are a potential therapeutic tool for several clinical applications. The new MSCs action models are focused on the use of MSC-derived secretome which contains several growth factors, cytokines, microRNAs, and extracellular vesicles such as exosomes. Exosomes have recently emerged as a component with great potential involved as mediators in cellular communication. The isolation and identification of exosomes has made it possible for them to be used in cell-free therapies. The purposes of this study are: (i) to detect exosomes released into adipose-derived MSC conditioned cell culture medium, (ii) to identify exosome morphology, and (iii) to carry out a complete characterization of said exosomes. Moreover, it is aimed at determining which method for exosome isolation would be best to use. Precipitation has been identified as a highly useful method of exosome isolation since it provides higher efficiency and purity values than other methods. A broad characterization of the exosomes present in the MSC-conditioned medium was also carried out. This work fills a gap in the existing literature on bioactive molecules which have attracted a great deal of interest due to their potential use in cellular therapies.