Islamophilia as a Predictor of Islamophobia in Pakistan: whether the Political Instability and Extremism Triangulate the Relationship

Abstract

This quantitative study looks into the relationship between Islamophilia, Islamophobia, political instability, and extremism & terrorism in Pakistan. A convenient sampling technique was used to collect 137 responses from students pursuing BS and MS degrees in Rawalpindi and Islamabad cities. The findings reveal a significant relationship between Islamophilia and Islamophobia, with Islamophilia inadvertently contributing to the rise of Islamophobia. Consequently, this heightened Islamophobia has consequences with respect to political instability and the rise of extremism & terrorism within Pakistan. These findings put the spotlight on the need to adopt an all-inclusive and broad method to address both Islamophilia and Islamophobia to promote and advance political stability and effectively counter extremism in the country. The study provides a valuable grasp on recognizing the complex dynamics between these factors, shedding light on useful comprehension for policymakers and researchers working towards a more secure and tolerant society in Pakistan.