ISLAMIC BROTHERHOOD AND BUSINESS SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (BSR) IN MALAYSIA: A QUALITATIVE EXPLORATION OF ISLAMIC FAITH-BASED BUSINESS PRACTICES

The importance of corporate ethics as the foundation of socially responsible business is growing due to rising public expectations, regulatory pressure and the need for sustainable economic development. Ethical business practices help to build trust between stakeholders, ensure long-term stability and strengthen corporate reputation, as well as positively influence the corporate culture of the company itself. This study aims to analyze the role of corporate ethics in shaping responsible business strategies and its impact on financial and non-financial performance of the company and society.The study uses analytical and comparative methods to examine ethical frameworks, corporate policies and best practices, and to identify key factors that drive ethical decision-making in business. The findings show that companies with strong ethical commitments demonstrate greater employee engagement, customer loyalty, and investor confidence, which leads to sustainable competitive advantages. In addition, adherence to corporate ethics reduces legal risks, increases transparency, and fosters positive relations with the public and regulators. Conversely, unethical behavior leads to reputational damage, financial losses, and reduced market confidence. The practical significance of the study is to provide strategic recommendations for business on the effective integration of ethical principles into corporate governance and their impact on the corporate culture of the enterprise, as well as employee motivation. The proposed approaches can help organizations improve risk management, strengthen brand positioning, and align their activities with social and environmental goals of sustainable development. By integrating corporate ethics into their core strategies, businesses can achieve long-term growth while fulfilling their social responsibilities. It has also been proven that companies that are guided by ethical principles and social responsibility not only build a positive image, but also ensure the stability and efficiency of their operations in the face of global market changes.

CSR as an important topic of public policy has taken a crucial position in the Indian corporate landscape, as it has established a sustainable connection with society at large alongside the rising socio-regulatory pressures. The concept of social responsibility posits that an organization or individual has a duty to act in ways that benefit society as a whole. Social responsibility encompasses the obligation of every individual or organization to carry out actions that ensure a balance between economic growth and ecological sustainability. The initial mention of the term corporate social responsibility appeared in the document ‘Social Responsibilities of Business’ penned by William Bowen in 1953. In India, there has been a continual close business engagement with social issues for the purpose of national development, referred to as social duty or charitable contributions, philanthropy, and community service, now specifically labeled as CSR. foundation. The primary aim of this research is to examine the attitudes towards Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) among the upcoming business leaders of India. In India, companies such as Tata and Nestle have been engaging in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) for decades, well before CSR became a well-known concept. Despite having such prominent examples, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in India is currently in a very nascent stage. Numerous large corporations are conducting these Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives superficially and showcasing these efforts in the media. This research paper revolves around finding and reviewing the issues and challenges faced by Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices in India.

The purpose of this study was to examine the business social responsibility of micro enterprises in Mankweng, Limpopo Province, South Africa. The study had three objectives. (1) to investigate the attitudes of micro enterprises towards business social responsibility (2) to investigate the practice of business social responsibility by micro enterprises and (3) to analyse the barriers to the practice of business social responsibility by micro enterprises. Data was collected through the use of self-administered questionnaires in a survey. Univariate statistics was used for data analysis. The results indicated that micro enterprises have a positive attitude towards business social responsibility. In addition, the results indicated that the majority of micro enterprises are weak in community and environmental responsibility. Cost and limited information are the major constraints to the practice of BSR by micro enterprises. Recommendations to improve the practice of business social responsibility by micro enterprises are suggested. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n3p283

The concept of the social responsibility of business has roots in the Puritan doctrine of stewardship as well as the nineteenth-century gospel of wealth, but business leaders only began to consider community welfare as a whole in the context of their corporate aspirations of the latter half of the twentieth century. Originally appearing in 1970, The Social Responsibilities of Business surveys the history of corporate actions in pursuit of social responsibility, and attempts to assess likely developments. Reissued in 1988 by Transaction with a new introduction by the author and now available in paperback, the volume provides Morrel Heald the opportunity to evaluate his earlier predictions and identify prospects for further development in the area of corporate social responsibility. Some of Heald's predictions have not yet come to fruition, and he reflects upon the reasons. No effective structure yet exists to permit an open exchange of views and needs between business and representatives of its various constituencies. In addition, two of Heald's earlier suggestions have not taken root in the way he anticipated--the company foundation, and the corporate social audit-and he assesses why they have not, and what opportunities they still provide. The Social Responsibilities of Business provides essential back ground for understanding the developing social role of the corporation and for assessing its future direction.

In an era marked by rapid technological advancement, the convergence of corporate governance and artificial intelligence (AI) ethics has emerged as a pivotal concern for modern businesses. As AI technologies become deeply embedded in decision-making processes, the risks of ethical violations, bias, lack of transparency, and accountability have intensified. While AI promises significant improvements in efficiency, innovation, and strategic agility, these benefits can only be realized within a robust ethical and governance framework. This paper explores how corporate governance can be strategically aligned with AI ethics to promote responsible innovation and uphold societal trust. The research delves into the intersection of governance structures, ethical principles, and AI applications to propose a comprehensive strategic framework that ensures ethical decision-making in business. It examines the roles and responsibilities of boards of directors, executive leadership, and key stakeholders in fostering an ethical AI culture. Emphasis is placed on principles such as transparency, accountability, fairness, privacy, and inclusivity, all of which are essential to maintain corporate integrity and public confidence. This study employs a multidisciplinary approach, integrating insights from corporate governance theory, ethical philosophy, AI regulatory policies, and business case studies. The paper also investigates existing challenges businesses face in implementing AI ethically, including regulatory ambiguity, insufficient oversight mechanisms, and potential conflicts of interest. Ultimately, this paper offers strategic recommendations for integrating AI ethics into corporate governance frameworks, including the adoption of ethical guidelines, establishment of AI ethics committees, continuous training for employees, and fostering stakeholder engagement. These measures aim to ensure that organizations not only comply with legal standards but also go beyond compliance to embrace ethical leadership in the age of AI. By presenting a robust strategic framework, this research contributes to ongoing discussions on ethical AI and responsible corporate governance, encouraging businesses to adopt proactive, transparent, and inclusive strategies that align technological innovation with societal values.

During the last decade, scholars have identified a number of factors that pose significant challenges to effective business ethics education. This article offers a “coping-modeling, problem-solving” (CMPS) approach (Cunningham, 2006) as one option for addressing these concerns. A rationale supporting the use of the CMPS framework for courses on ethical decision-making in business is provided, following which the implementation processes for this program are described. Evaluative data collected from N = 101 undergraduate business students enrolled in a third year required course on ethical decision-making in business indicated that the CMPS model is a promising alternative for both overcoming teaching challenges and for facilitating skill acquisition in the areas of ethical recognition, judgment, and action. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed.

Ethical decision-making in business is influenced by various factors, including the external environment, organisational factors, and society. Business ethics in China have changed in the last few decades, predominantly as a result of globalisation. However, such changes can take some time to start to manifest, which is seen in the lag between policy changes and tangible changes in the approach to intellectual property rights, as observed in the patent application trends in China. A change in approach to intellectual property indicates to what degree various countries have embraced the opportunities presented by globalisation.

Purpose– The purpose of this research was threefold, including to provide a four-point rationale for teaching corporate crisis management as a module within a course on ethical decision-making in business and organizations; to provide evaluative data supporting this approach; and to highlight the implications of this approach for human resource development and training.Design/methodology/approach– Thirty-four undergraduates in a required course on ethical decision-making in business and organizations completed pre- and post-course assignments assessing their knowledge about crisis/management, as well as their skills in crisis recognition, evaluation and action planning. Participants also completed a survey on their perceptions of the crisis management module and its placement within the ethics course.Findings– Statistical analyses demonstrated significant knowledge acquisition on crisis/management; significant skill development on crisis recognition, evaluation and action planning; and significantly greater “true positives” and significantly fewer “false negatives” in post-course identification of crisis warning signs. Perceptions of the crisis management module and its placement within the course on ethical decision-making were positive.Research limitations/implications– Although the sample size was relatively small, small samples are associated with a greater risk of failing to detect an effect that is present, rather than the greater predicament of erroneously concluding that an absent effect is actually present. This information, coupled with the fact that the results demonstrated not only statistical significance but also large effect sizes using Cohen’s d, inspires confidence. Nonetheless, additional assessment with larger samples would allow for the possibility of convergent evidence. Similarly, additional assessment within different organizational contexts, including applications in human resource training and development is warranted. Future research should also include assessment of specific underlying teaching strategies and evaluation of whether certain models are associated with greater learning on a broader range of crisis management skills.Practical implications– Programs in business ethics education and training comprise one useful context in which to teach corporate crisis management. The program specified here addresses two training needs previously specified in the human resource development (HRD) literature on crisis management, including identifying specific methods of enhancing recognition or detection of crisis warning signs and also of providing tools and enhancing skills for assessing and containing crisis.Originality/value– Despite the centrality of both ethics and HRD to crisis management, there has been a dearth of research on whether ethics education is a useful context through which to teach this topic. This research addresses this dearth and suggests new avenues for HRD in this respect.

Updates of the global concept of sustainable development and the spread of its principles among business organizations have led to the need for changes in management systems. The management's response to the trends of increasing business sustainability manifested itself in the practice of social responsibility, which has become widespread among the world's leading companies. The research is dedicated to studying modern formats of the manifestation of socially responsible management based on implementing social values of sustainable development in practical activities. The key differences between different forms of social responsibility of business are analyzed. Among such forms, the following were highlighted: corporate social responsibility (CSR), socially responsible business (SRB), three-sector partnerships (TSP), and charitable corporations. The system of values that become decisive for constructing sustainable management systems at the enterprise is defined. The following are separated among such values: economic, ecological, and moral values. It was determined that their totality should become the basis for making sustainable management decisions for the organization. Management based on sustainable development is proposed to be considered from the standpoint of a systematic, structured approach to the integration of social, economic, and ethical values of the existence and development of the company in the process of making managerial decisions to ensure the long-term viability and social responsibility of business. The research identifies key features of sustainable management, including risk management tools, the ability to maximize long-term value, a blend of financial and non-financial goals, and a high level of corporate management culture. It also studies the main characteristics of sustainable development management within the context of value chain creation, such as purchasing and supply sources, logistics and transport management, increased business transparency and openness, and enhanced data analytics and performance monitoring. The study also examines current international standards of business social responsibility and proposes a phased approach to management decision-making that supports the processes of sustainable business development. The research highlights the significant benefits of management based on the principles of sustainable development, including risk optimization, branding, and compliance with sustainable development standards.

PurposeThe concept of learning organization has been inspiring both public and private sectors since the early 90s. This paper discusses the implementation of learning organization ideas along with the organization’s core values at one of the public universities in Malaysia. The purpose of this paper is to identify the components of core values that support the development and maintenance of learning organization ideas. It also aims to examine the potential integration of the learning organization idea with organizational core values.Design/methodology/approachThe study analyses the application of learning organization principles based on Örtenblad’s (2002) four understandings of learning organization, which are organizational learning, learning at work, learning climate and learning structure, along with the five core values initiatives at the university.FindingsThis study suggests that the university core values and the learning organization idea work harmoniously with each other. This paper provides examples of the application of the learning organization idea and the core values attribute and how both fit into each other in one of the Malaysian public universities. A learning organization–core values matrix is proposed at the end of the paper.Research limitations/implicationsThis research uses the specific case of organizational core values that are established based on Islamic principles. Opportunities for further research can be a study of learning organizations in other core values environment and also from a different belief system.Practical implicationsLearning organization is relevant and in harmony with Islamic environment.Originality/valueThe paper provides real examples of learning organization practices within the core values agenda in a Malaysian university.

Purpose The Islamic way of life promotes balance, encouraging collaboration and sustainable business practices. As a result, this study aims to examine how Islamic principles influence triple bottom line business performance among Muslim entrepreneurs through the underlying mechanisms of Jamaat collaboration and sustainable business practices. Moreover, this study assessed the moderating role of financial capacity in the relationship between Jamaat collaboration and sustainable business practices. Design/methodology/approach This research used a quantitative approach, beginning with an exhaustive literature review and structured questionnaire development, followed by a survey of 376 practicing Muslims in Karnataka, India. And finally, the mediation and moderation were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis to check the model fit and Structural Equation Modelling to test hypothetical relationships. Findings The findings of this study collectively demonstrate that Islamic principles create a driving force instigating ethical entrepreneurship and, in turn, promoting long-term economic, social and environmental performances through mechanisms such as Jamaat collaboration and sustainable business practice. Moreover, results validate that as Jamaat collaboration increases, the sustainable business practices hike eventually for business men with high financial capacity. Practical implications This study acts as a roadmap for Muslim entrepreneurs and policymakers dedicated to promoting Jamaat collaboration while advancing organizational learning and strengthening financial resilience for sustainable growth over time. Originality/value Unlike previous research, this research analyses grassroots-level business partnerships in the networks of Jamaat. It connects theoretical Islamic finance principles to real-life applications in the area of business sustainability, making new contributions to the academic community and the industry practitioners.

The article is devoted to the study of the problems of implementing the practice of socially responsible business in Ukraine. It is considered scientific approaches to the interpretation of the concept of «social responsibility of business» (CSR) and formulated the author's interpretation of its essence. The main reasons which limit the introduction of the practice of socially responsible business at enterprises are determined. The key reasons are identified as the unwillingness of most companies to invest in social programs that do not have a direct financial result, low level of involvement of business managers in solving social problems, lack of accountability for corporate social responsibility and relationships mechanisms between CSR and public. The focus is on the relationship between CSR and enterprise competitiveness. A system of corporate social responsibility management is developed, which covers specific measures, as well as the relevant structural units of the enterprise to which they should be assigned. It is argued the necessity of introduction of practice of standardization of social reports according to the European standards in order to compare the social activity of domestic companies with foreign ones. There are also substantiated the features of the implementation of CSR principles at domestic machine-building enterprises. The main social programs and guarantees that apply to employees are covered. Considerable attention is paid to social and technical measures aimed at protecting the natural environment. It is considered problematic aspects which constrain the parameters of development and implementation of corporate social responsibility. The measures are proposed that should provide an incentive for corporate social responsibility, in particular, the provision of preferential taxation and reduction of administrative pressure, the creation of favorable financial opportunities for social investment, as well as the relevant legal framework for social responsibility. It is argued that the comprehensive implementation of the proposed measures create favorable conditions for the introduction of the practice of social responsibility as one of the effective areas of business development in Ukraine. Keywords: social responsibility of business, corporate social responsibility, business, social measures, social guarantees.

The debate between ethical business practices and leadership has been growing and gaining momentum since the global financial crisis in 2008. Though various steps and measures were created to plug the gaps in the area of compliance and corporate governance, there is also an increasing demand for leaders to focus on business ethics. Ethics in business has become a critical topic for business leaders. Similarly, business leaders in Singapore emphasize on business ethics. In Singapore, being a small state relying mainly on commercial organizations for growth and economic development, the government has put in place various measures to ensure transparency and business continuity. These rules and regulations are often translated by the leader. To understand the leaders' perception of ethical business principles and practices, a research study was carried out in Singapore in 2010 and 2011 with five business leaders. Analysis supports the view that leaders in commercial organizations based in Singapore perceive business ethics as important. Their understanding of business ethics, however, reflected a combination of the individual leaders' ethical values and the government's regulatory practices. The research study also indicated the potential of restorative justice in commercial organizations based in Singapore. The leaders' management style in ensuring conformance by their employees to business ethics highlighted the principles, values and practices of restorative justice.

The impact of the quality of working conditions in private companies on the realization of labor potential is very relevant in the modern dynamic and interconnected world. This issue is important because of its profound implications for individuals, organizations and society as a whole. The welfare of workers is at the forefront of this discussion. Working conditions cover a wide range of factors, including workplace safety, job security, fair compensation, and opportunities for personal and professional development. When these conditions are favorable, employees are more likely to thrive, leading to increased job satisfaction, higher morale, and improved mental and physical health. Conversely, poor working conditions can prevent employees from realizing their potential, resulting in reduced productivity and a negative impact on individuals' lives in general. The topic is relevant in the context of organizational activity. Private companies that prioritize the quality of working conditions tend to get many advantages. Satisfied employees are more engaged, innovative and loyal to their employers. This translates into higher productivity, lower turnover rates and a competitive advantage in attracting top talent. As a result, a company's income is significantly affected by the extent to which its employees can realize their labor potential. The discussion of working conditions goes beyond individual companies. It is intrinsically linked to wider social and ethical considerations. Providing employees with safe and decent working conditions is consistent with the principles of social responsibility and ethical business practices. Companies that neglect this responsibility can face reputational damage and legal consequences, highlighting the broader societal implications of this issue. The research focuses on the workforce working in private companies in Azerbaijan and how their working conditions affect their ability to fully utilize their skills and potential. The subject of the study is the relationship between the quality of working conditions and the extent to which employees working in private companies in Azerbaijan can use and manifest their labor potential. Different methods were used during the research. These were various methods such as research, analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization, statistical analysis, survey organization and analysis, data collection. These methods are designed to assess the current state of working conditions in private companies in Azerbaijan. Through the method of synthesis, it was used to make individual elements (properties, attributes) into a single whole for a more detailed study. The information base of the study was made up of various local and foreign research works, survey data, internet resources and books related to the topic. Studying the effect of working conditions on labor potential in private companies has important practical implications for various stakeholders. Private companies can use these findings to optimize their workplaces and improve employee well-being, job satisfaction, and productivity. By investing in better working conditions, such as ergonomic facilities, health and safety measures, and employee development programs, businesses can reduce turnover rates, improve overall workforce performance, and ultimately achieve greater competitiveness and profitability.

the role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in consumer decision-making within the context of sustainable commerce. With increasing awareness of environmental and social issues, consumers are placing greater emphasis on ethical and sustainable practices when making purchasing decisions. the impact of CSR initiatives on consumer behavior and preferences, as well as the implications for businesses operating in today's marketplace. Through a review of existing literature and empirical research, this paper investigates the various dimensions of CSR, including environmental sustainability, social responsibility, and ethical business practices, and their influence on consumer perceptions and preferences. By examining case studies and survey data, the study identifies key factors that shape consumer attitudes towards CSR, such as brand reputation, product quality, and perceived social and environmental impact.