Abstract
Extracranial internal carotid artery stenosis is one of the most common and best studied causes of stroke. Revascularization with carotid endarterectomy (CEA) has been shown to be beneficial for patients with severe stenosis associated with stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) and for many patients with moderate stenosis associated with stroke or TIA. CEA has also been shown to be beneficial for patients with asymptomatic severe stenosis if they have a reasonable expected lifespan and surgical risk, but the benefit is greater for men compared with women. Carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS) has become a viable alternative procedure for carotid revascularization with less risk of major bleeding complications and cranial nerve injury. Randomized studies of CEA versus CAS have found that the endovascular approach is associated with a lower risk of myocardial infarction but a higher risk of peri-procedural stroke which has a greater impact on long-term quality of life. Thus, recommending CEA or CAS must be based upon individual patient characteristics and their preferences, but at this point it appears that most patients should still be receiving CEA if an intervention is required.
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