Is There a Sociologist in the Room? Raising the Sociological Voice in Educational Spaces

Accessible yet theoretically rich, this landmark text introduces key concepts and issues in critical discourse analysis and situates these within the field of educational research. The book invites readers to consider the theories and methods of three major traditions in critical discourse studies � discourse analysis, critical discourse analysis and multimodal discourse analysis -- through the empirical work of leading scholars in the field.

This article reviews critical discourse analysis scholarship in education research from 2004 to 2012. Our methodology was carried out in three stages. First, we searched educational databases. Second, we completed an analytic review template for each article and encoded these data into a digital spreadsheet to assess macro-trends in the field. Third, we developed schemata to interpret the complexity of research design. Our examination of 257 articles reveals trends in research questions, the theories researchers find useful, and the kinds of interactions that capture their attention. We explore areas in the field especially ripe for debate and critique: reflexivity, deconstructive–reconstructive stance toward inquiry, and social action. We compare the findings with an earlier review published in 2005, reflecting on three decades of critical discourse analysis in education research.

In this article, I question the micro–macro separation in discourse analysis, the separation of personal and institutional discourses. I apply a mostly macroanalytic perspective (critical discourse analysis [CDA]) to inform a predominantly microanalytic perspective (analysis of conversational narratives) and vice versa. In the combination of these two analytic approaches to data analysis, I explore the connections between macro-level power inequities and micro-level interactional positionings, thereby establishing critical narrative analysis (CNA). I examine the focus of CDA on institutional discourses and problematize the definition of power discourses by looking closely at the intertextual recycling of institutional discourses in everyday narratives and at the adoption of everyday narratives in institutional discourses. Ultimately, I propose that CNA unites CDA and narrative analysis in a mutually beneficial partnership that addresses both theoretical and methodological dilemmas in discourse analysis.

During the past decade educational researchers increasingly have turned to Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) as a set of approaches to answer questions about the relationships between language and society. In this article the authors review the findings of their literature review of CDA in educational research. The findings proceed in the following manner: the multiple ways in which CDA has been defined, the theories of language included in CDA frameworks, the relationship of CDA and context, the question of methods, and issues of reflexivity. The findings illustrate that as educational researchers bring CDA frameworks into educational contexts, they are reshaping the boundaries of CDA.

Rebecca Rogers (ed.), An introduction to critical discourse analysis in education. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 2004. Pp. 266, Hb $59.95, Pb $27.50. An introduction to critical discourse analysis in education has eleven chapters, three by the editor, Rebecca Rogers. The volume attempts to apply Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to various formal and informal educational settings, and to situate CDA within a theory of learning. Most chapters begin with definitions of “central concepts,” and Rogers has sprinkled discussion prompts throughout.

Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is a multidisciplinary field where a linguist and a sosiologist work together on a social phenomenon in a social discourse. The complexity in social realities will be realized in complexed linguistic systems. Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) views language as a verbal social process, where language is treated as social semiotic systems which represent socio-cultural norms and values. The socio-cultural systems will become the meaning resources, whereas language is the meaning maker. Besides, language bears three meta functions, involving ideational, interpersonal, and textual meanings. The systems and functions works simultaneously to unfold the meanings in the hierarchically different systems to reach the ultimate meaning. In this way, SFL provides a way a linguist works as a mixed linguist and sociologist to look at discourse critically. The following example of analysis will apply the principals by providing an analysis of a text that expresses a political dispute on tax amnesty.

Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) examines language as 'discourse,' where language is understood as one element within social processes that dialectically relate to each other. Critical discourse analysis precisely aims to explore these dialectical interconnections within the tradition of critical social science. In this research, the researcher will employ Norman Fairclough's model of critical discourse analysis, which examines discourse analysis through three theories: Text Analysis (Microstructural) related to cohesion and coherence, grammar, and diction; Production Practice Analysis (Mesostructural) dealing with the text production process, text dissemination, and text consumption, such as work patterns, workflow, and routines in news production; Social Cultural Practice Analysis (Macrostructural) related to situational, institutional, and social aspects. This study utilizes a qualitative descriptive method to deepen the critical analysis description of news discourse. The research data consists of words, phrases, or sentences in two online news discourses supporting the research problem. The data collection technique employed is documentary study. The news regarding the arrival of Rohingya refugees in Aceh published by VIVA.co.id becomes the focus of critical discourse analysis using Norman Fairclough's approach. This news reflects the text production process involving microstructural, mesostructural, and macrostructural aspects. In microstructural analysis, language use and representation are highlighted. Phrases like "coming to Indonesia using old boats" and quotes from netizens create negative stereotypes about Rohingya refugees. Social interactions are reflected in conflicts and societal concerns represented by these comments. In mesostructural analysis, the selection of topics, framing, and source determination becomes the focus. Choosing to report the Rohingya refugee issue with a predominantly negative framing reflects editorial production decisions influenced by preferences. Determining sources from netizens and UNHCR creates variations in perspectives. Macrostructural analysis highlights the social, political, and cultural values that shape the news. The Rohingya refugee crisis and global migration politics form the macro background influencing news production. Indonesian cultural values and ideology are reflected in the stigmatization of refugees. In conclusion, this critical discourse analysis reveals how text production practices, social interactions, and macrostructural contexts are interconnected. This news not only reflects internal language and media dynamics but is also tied to power, ideology, and cultural values within society. This analysis opens up space for a deeper understanding of narrative construction and its impact on public perceptions of Rohingya refugees in Indonesia. Keywords: Critical Discourse Analysis, Norman Fairclough, News.

Se muestra cómo determinados elementos textuales, concretamente, un sintagma fijo, deconstruido dentro del poema de Miguel Hernández “El niño yuntero”, parte de la colección El viento del pueblo (1937), posee una carga semántica tal que la proyecta a lo largo de todas las estrofas. En este sentido, podemos considerarlo como un signo hegemónico. Además, se explica cómo ese mismo texto reproduce parte de las circunstancias sociohistóricas en las que se encontraba España durante las primeras décadas del siglo XX, particularmente la Guerra Civil (1936-1939). Las teorías en las que se basa este artículo son la semiótica textual, el análisis crítico del discurso y la sociosemiótica.

Al Hilal Bank, a national bank was established in 2008, and since then they managed to change people‘s perceptions on banking and their interaction with this financial institution. This change was marked by the distinctive ‘syntactic personalization’ represented by its slogan “it’s all about you..” and extended to the constant ‘intertextuality’ and ‘interdiscursivity’ which redefined the relationship between this local bank and society. Thus, this era was not only marked by the marketization of public discourse but also promoting their business through the promotion of social and public events. They adopted two major directions: 1. The promotion of ‘patriotism and nationalism’, 2. Their promotion of religious occasions, and using religious references in posters that do not refer to any of their banking services. Using Critical Discourse Analysis as our framework, we analyze a selected corpus of Al Hilal Bank’s discourse through analyzing both text and talk in addition to the semiotic practices represented in the posters that appeared on national Billboards. The aim of this paper is to study and document the shift that took place in the Banking discourse in the United Arab Emirates, describing the main tools which are used to indirectly promote the bank, by either appealing emotionally to their audience targeting the most important and sentimental occasions or exploiting the authority of theirs.

This paper contributes to the development of a critical realist approach to discourse analysis by combining aspects of ‘critical discourse analysis’ (CDA) and ‘the morphogenetic/morphostatic approach’ (M/M). Unlike poststructuralist discourse theory, CDA insists on the maintenance of two distinctions: (i) between discourse and other aspects of social reality; (ii) between structure and agency. However, CDA lacks clarity on these distinctions. M/M, on the other hand, offers a coherent modelling of these distinctions that can underpin the application of CDA. The paper begins by introducing CDA, M/M and the existing literature on critical realist discourse analysis. It then establishes the M/M model of social change within CDA’s existing social theory by focusing on ‘analytical dualism’ and ‘social practice’. Finally, the paper locates the concept of discourse within M/M’s model of social change by theorizing discourse as one of four objective structures of meaning.

Critical Policy Discourse Analysis bridges the literature on critical discourse analysis (CDA) and critical policy analysis to provide a practical guide on how to combine these major approaches to critical social science. The volume gives a clear introduction to concepts and analytical procedures for critical policy discourse analysis. Utilising ten international case studies, the authors explain and critically reflect upon the methods and theories that they have used to successfully integrate CDA with critical policy studies across a diverse range of policy issues. Case studies are used to explore issues in economics, health, education, crisis management, the environment, language and energy policy. Analysing these through discursive methodological approaches in the traditions of CDA, social semiotics and discourse theory, this book connects this discursive methodology systematically to the field of critical policy studies. This is an essential read for researchers wishing to practically combine methods of CDA with critical policy studies. It provides key insights for politics scholars looking to gain a more in-depth understanding of the impact and analysis of discourse.

Abstract. The article focuses on the main approaches to the analysis of multimodal discourse. The relevance of the study is due to the importance of visual communication in the modern information society given the world-modeling properties of multimodal discourse in the creation of identities, values, in signification and constructing the reality outside the discourse. The purpose of the article is to interpret the most promising models of analysis of visual semiotics in view of the need for the integrative methodology of its research. Research methods employed by the paper include analysis, systematization, introspection, classification. The results of the study explicate the method of visual grammar, developed within the framework of sociosemiotic theory of critical discourse analysis, the concept of levels of signification and mythologizing in institutional discourse, as well as the theory of metafunctions by M. Halliday. The analysis of visual semiotics integrates three research aspects: representational (level of ideas and concepts), which is manifested by dynamic narrative and static conceptual meanings; interactive (the level of relations between the characters of the visual message, its addressee and the addresser), based on the visual codes of expression of contact, distance, attitude and modality; compositional, which focuses on the principles of information value, salience and frame and relies on visual areas, size, tone, color contrast, perspective of images, the way of combining or separating the visual elements. In the perspective of further research, special attention should be paid to the development of methods that would take into account the correlation and isomorphism of pragmatics of the verbal and visual modes - considering that the visual component may flout the cooperative maxims and trigger the discursive implicatures that must either be filled in or eliminated by verbal mode. Visual code can also be associated with the felicity conditions of the speech acts presented by the verbal anchor.

Ruth Wodak & Paul Chilton (eds.), A new agenda in (critical) discourse analysis: Theory, methodology and interdisciplinarity. Discourse Approaches to Politics, Society, and Culture, 13. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2005. Pp. xi, 322. Hb $138.00. The title of this book implicitly raises a number of important questions about the relationships among discourse analysis (DA), critical discourse analysis (CDA), and interdisciplinarity: Is CDA one approach to analyzing text and talk, or is it (by implication of the ambiguous parenthetical reference in the book's title) somehow merging with (an increasingly more critical) DA? To what extent does or should (C)DA embrace interdisciplinary approaches to treating language in use? Finally (and perhaps most compelling of all), what is this new agenda, what is wrong with the old agenda, and why is a new agenda needed at this time? Overall, the book does a fair to good job of addressing these questions.

One consequence of the hype around globalization and education and debates on global political actors such as the World Bank, IMF and WTO—is that there has not been sufficient attention paid by education theorists to the development of a rigorous set of analytic categories that might enable us to make sense of the profound changes which now characterize education in the new millennium. 1 This is not a problema confined to education. Writing in the New Left Review, Fredric Jameson observes that debates on globalization have tended to be shaped by “…ideological appropriations— discussions not of the process itself, but of its effects, good or bad: judgements, in other words, totalizing in nature; while functional descriptions tend to isolate particular elements without relating them to each other.” In this paper we start from the position that little or nothing can be explained in terms of the causal powers of globalization; rather we shall be suggesting that globalization is the outcome of processes that involve real actors—economic and political—with real interests. Following Martin Shaw, we also take the view that globalization does not undermine the state but includes the transformation of state forms; “…it is both predicated on and produces such transformations.”3 Examining how these processes of transformation work, however, requires systematic investigation into the organization and strategies of particular actors whose horizons or effects might be described as global.

In today's world, where nations are interconnected through media, the analysis of media discourse from different perspectives on societal issues has gained much currency. The present study analyzes the satirical representation of a newspaper cartoon to find out how these media persons utilize cartoons and the accompanying linguistic choices to affect readers' opinions and understandings. Guided by qualitative research methodology, the data for this study is collected in the form of one cartoon selected through purposive sampling from a Pakistani English newspaper i.e., Dawn. Taking insights from Barthes's (1957) theory of semiotics and Fairclough’s (1995) Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) model, the study utilizes an integrated framework for a fine-grain analysis of cartoon discourse. The intermingling of these two models of analysis has helped the researchers to highlight how newspaper cartoon discourse can be utilized to construct and highlight certain ideologies. The selected cartoon under the caption "OIC seeks global intervention to halt Gaza genocide," highlights the themes of victimization and powerlessness. By utilizing the signs of a man and a wooden log for the OIC (Organization of Islamic Cooperation) and Gaza, respectively, the cartoonist has evoked feelings of sympathy for the innocent killing of Palestinians. Hence, the study has found a logical connection between linguistic and semiotic systems to highlight the OIC's inefficacy and the world's indifference and hypocritical response towards the humanitarian crisis in Gaza.