Is the pectoralis myocutaneous flap in intraoral and oropharyngeal reconstruction outdated?

Abstract

Our experience with 224 immediate pectoralis major myocutaneous flap reconstructions in patients with carcinomas of the oral and oropharyngeal cavities is presented. Although flap-related complications developed in 53% of the patients, all flaps survived, and we had no major skin paddle loss. The incidence of reoperation due to flap-related complications was 2%. All other complications were minor and did not affect the length of hospitalization. Analysis showed no significant risk factors for the development of complications. Because of fistula formation, infection, or metal exposure, plate removal was necessary in 10% of the AO fixation plates used in cases of mandibular swing. This occurred in 68% of the anterior and 22% of the lateral mandibular reconstructions performed with a reconstruction plate (P < 0.05). We conclude that a reconstruction plate is unsatisfactory for anterior mandibular continuity reconstruction and debatable for lateral mandibular reconstruction. At present, anterior defects are reconstructed with free vascularized osteocutaneous flaps that should probably also be used for lateral mandibular reconstruction. Furthermore, in a large number of series, it is reported that free flaps also have high complication rates and 5-10% flap loss. As all pectoralis major flaps survived in our series, it still remains a good choice in intraoral and oropharyngeal reconstruction when there is no necessity to reconstruct bone.