Abstract
Abstract This paper uses decennial Census data to examine the residential integration of the foreign born in the United States between 1910 and 2000. Immigrant segregation declined in the first part of the century, but has been rising over the past few decades. Recent immigrants tend to hail from countries with greater cultural distinctions from U.S. natives, whether economic, racial, or linguistic. These factors explain much of the increase in segregation after 1970. Evidence also points to changes in urban form, particularly native-driven suburbanization and the decline of public transit as a transportation mode, as an explanation for the new immigrant segregation.
Highlights
Since 1960, the average foreign born resident of the United States has experienced steadily increasing levels of segregation from the population at large
Using data from the Census enumerations of 1910, 1920, 1940, 1950, 1970, 1980, 1990, and 2000, we compute segregation indices for dozens of immigrant groups across hundreds of cities and metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs).The data reveal that immigrant segregation began the twentieth century at relatively high levels, declined as Federal restrictions and other forces stemmed the tide of immigration after 1920
This paper has documented the time series path of segregation for immigrant groups in the United States between 1910 and 2000. These patterns closely track immigration flows to the United States, first declining and rising after the century’s midpoint
Summary
Since 1960, the average foreign born resident of the United States has experienced steadily increasing levels of segregation from the population at large. Using data from the Census enumerations of 1910, 1920, 1940, 1950, 1970, 1980, 1990, and 2000, we compute segregation indices for dozens of immigrant groups across hundreds of cities and metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs).The data reveal that immigrant segregation began the twentieth century at relatively high levels, declined as Federal restrictions and other forces stemmed the tide of immigration after 1920. Over the latter half of the century, as immigrants born in Latin America and Asia began to enter the country in large numbers, segregation rose once again.
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