Abstract
The Kosi River is infamous in India for its rapid and recurrent changes of course and the widespread flood damages it causes almost annually. But, the flood of 18th August, 2008 was the most devastating down the memory lane of the survival. The destruction was of such a magnitude that state government of Bihar had to seek World Bank (Project ID: P122096) assistance. Keeping this in view, an earnest effort was made to study the perceived constraints of distressed farmers and strategies for its amelioration. To materialize pretested closed structured interview schedule the application of the principle axis factoring vis-à-vis exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was done among 60 respondents from the non-sample. EFA extracted 4 latent broad constraints having Eigen value >1 that was rechristened as: environmental, pecuniary, policy and miscellaneous constraints. Finally, 20 specific constraints under 4 broad constraints were used to collect data from 160 respondents in the sample area. Garret methodology was used to rank the specific constraints under broad constraints. Friedman two-way ANOVA by ranks test deciphered that severity order of broad constraints was environmental, pecuniary, miscellaneous and policy constraints respectively. Since, the World Bank project is running in full swing in the calamity stricken region and so the four broad constraints as well as the 20 specific constraints identified and suggestion to ameliorate these can be vital for policy formulation and its implementation. The authors also suggest that in case of dearth of fund the most severe environmental constraints should be given due weightage followed by severity of other broad constraints.
Highlights
Third world countries suffer from water, food, and health problems which are further aggravated by natural calamities 1
Pecuniary and miscellaneous constraints mean rank score was 3.07 and 2.95 respectively conferred with rank 3rd and 4th. In this manuscript an attempt was made to enlist and give suggestion to ameliorate the major specific constraints faced by the farming community post national calamity of 18th August, 2008
20 specific constraints under 4 broad constraints were scored among 160 respondents in the actual sample area
Summary
Third world countries suffer from water, food, and health problems which are further aggravated by natural calamities 1. In 2015, 19.2 million people displacements by natural calamities worldwide in 113 countries but India bore the brunt for the highest numbers of displaced people 2. These calamities sternly distress the farming communities because their produce is under open sky exposed to every type of extreme events. Kosi flood that happened way back on 18th August, 2008 was declared as “National Calamity” and so far, it is the single calamity in the history of India to be officially declared as a “National Calamity” 3! Erstwhile Prime Minister of India conducted aerial survey of flood damage in Bihar and issued press release on August 28, 2008.
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