Abstract
To summarize the advances in literature that support the best current practices regarding glucose control in the critically ill. There are differences between patients with and without diabetes regarding the relationship of glucose metrics during acute illness to mortality. Among patients with diabetes, an assessment of preadmission glycemia, using measurement of Hemoglobin A1c (HgbA1c) informs the choice of glucose targets. For patients without diabetes and for patients with low HgbA1c levels, increasing mean glycemia during critical illness is independently associated with increasing risk of mortality. For patients with poor preadmission glucose control the appropriate blood glucose target has not yet been established. New metrics, including stress hyperglycemia ratio and glycemic gap, have been developed to describe the relationship between acute and chronic glycemia. A 'personalized' approach to glycemic control in the critically ill, with recognition of preadmission glycemia, is supported by an emerging literature and is suitable for testing in future interventional trials.
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