Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women in the world. Early detection is necessary to improve outcomes and decrease related costs. The aim of this study was to assess the predictive power of health locus of control as a modifying factor in the Health Belief Model (HBM) for prediction of breast self-examination. In this cross- sectional study, 400 women selected through the convenience sampling from health centers. Data were collected using part of the Champion's HBM scale (CHBMS), the Health Locus of Control Scale and a self administered questionnaire. For data analysis by SPSS the independent T test, Chi square test, logistic and linear regression modes were appliedl. The results showed that 10.9% of the participants reported performing BSE regularly. Health locus of control did not act as a predictor of BSE as a modifying factor. In this study, perceived self-efficacy was the strongest predictor of BSE performance (Exp (B) =1.863) with direct effect, while awareness had direct and indirect influence. For increasing BSE, improvement of self-efficacy especially in young women and increasing knowledge about cancer is necessary.
Highlights
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide (Yan Yee., 2009)
The aim of this study was to assess the predictive power of health locus of control as a modifying factor in the Health Belief Model (HBM) for prediction of breast self-examination
Data collection instruments consist of three questionnaires includes: 1) self-administered questionnaire included the sociodemographic variables of the participants and breast self-examination behavior, 2) Champion’s Health Belief Model Scale (42 questions) and awareness of cancer (15 items). the questions related to Champion Scale separately consists of 5 questions about perceived susceptibility, 7 questions on perceived severity, 6 questions to measure perceived benefits, 6 questions about perceived barriers, 11 questions related to perceived self-efficacy, and 7 questions about the health motivation that all were measured by 5-level Likert scale
Summary
In Iran, breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and includes 21.4% of all malignancies in women (Noroozi et al, 2011). Strategies for early detection of breast cancer in women, include performing breast self examination (BSE), clinical examination or mammography. The aim of this study was to assess the predictive power of health locus of control as a modifying factor in the Health Belief Model (HBM) for prediction of breast self-examination. Health locus of control did not act as a predictor of BSE as a modifying factor. In this study, perceived self-efficacy was the strongest predictor of BSE performance (Exp (B) =1.863) with direct effect, while awareness had direct and indirect influence. Conclusions: For increasing BSE, improvement of self-efficacy especially in young women and increasing knowledge about cancer is necessary
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