Abstract
AF is the most common sustained arrhythmia in adults, and its incidence and prevalence increase progressively with age [1]. As a result, AF-associated morbidity and mortality increases with age, whereas the rest of cardiovascular risk factors (e.g. hypertension, ischaemic heart disease, heart failure, etc.) has less of an influence on stroke risk at advanced age [2]. Increasing evidence suggests that AF confers a hypercoagulable or prothrombotic state, with raised levels of prothrombotic and endothelial damage markers, as well as platelet activation [3–5].
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