Abstract
In the current research study, iron-zinc co-doped TiO2 was reported as an energy efficient material for the degradation of DIPA and inactivation of E. coli and S. aureus under visible light irradiation. In addition, molecular docking simulation was performed to provide further insight into possible targets for inhibiting bacterial development. The synthesized nanocomposites were screened and optimized for different synthesis and reaction parameters. The physicochemical properties of the synthesized nanocomposites were evaluated through different characterization techniques. The wet impregnation (WI) approach was among the most successful methods for the synthesis of Fe-Zn-TiO2 nanocomposite (NC) utilizing anatase titanium. Moreover, 66.5% (60 min reaction time) and 100% (190 min reaction time) chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was obtained through optimized NC, i.e., 0.1Fe-0.4Zn metal composition and 300 °C calcination temperature. The energy consumption for the best NC was 457.40 KW h m−3. Moreover, 0.1Fe-0.4Zn-TiO2-300 was more efficient against S. aureus compared to E. coli with 100% reduction in 90 min of visible light irradiations. Furthermore, 0.1Fe-0.4Zn-TiO2-300 NC showed that the binding score for best docked conformation was −5.72 kcal mol−1 against β-lactamase from E. coli and −3.46 kcal mol−1 from S. aureus. The studies suggested the Fe-Zn in combination with TiO2 to be a possible inhibitor of β-lactamase that can be further tested in enzyme inhibition studies.
Highlights
Alkanolamines have a long history of usage in natural gas treatment or gas sweetening to remove CO2 and H2 S
These results reveal that the dopant concentration has a significant impact on the photocatalytic activity of TiO2
Effect of Titania Phase evaluated for DIPA degradation (%COD removal) with the optimized synthesis method effects of TiO
Summary
Alkanolamines have a long history of usage in natural gas treatment or gas sweetening to remove CO2 and H2 S. Climate change and water contamination caused by organic and biological pollution are among the main environmental and public health threats, in addition to contamination caused by chemicals in urbanization and industrialization [6]. TiO2 , as a photocatalyst, follows the AOP, and has been studied extensively in recent decades due to its ability in eliminating toxic contaminants like alkanolamine and microorganisms in water [10,11,12,13]. TiO2 NPs are reported to bind with the bacterial cell and damage the cell wall, leading to cell release which eventually causes bacterial death [16,17]. Fe-Zn-TiO2 nanocomposites are reported for the degradation of DIPA and inactivation of biological contaminants. The bacterial inactivation pathway was studied through molecular docking studies to gain more insights into potential targets corresponding to the inactivation of bacteria
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