Iron deficiency states in cardiovascular diseases: impact on prognosis and features of correction

Abstract

The article discusses the problem of comorbidity of iron deficiency conditions and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Iron deficiency conditions (latent iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia) significantly increase the risk of developing and progressing CVD. A number of studies have found that, regardless of the presence or absence of anemia, iron deficiency leads to the development of cardiovascular complications, a worsening of quality of life and an increase in mortality in patients with CVD. Currently, the most studied is the effect of iron deficiency on the prognosis of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). The article discusses the etiology and pathogenesis of the development of iron deficiency in CHF, the mechanisms of the adverse effect of this condition on the quality of life, functional status, and life prognosis. The article presents an analysis of clinical studies on the treatment of iron deficiency conditions in CHF and excerpts from current clinical guidelines. Data are presented that describe the contribution of drugs for the treatment of CHF (guideline directed therapy) to the correction of anemia and iron deficiency. The article discusses the impact of iron deficiency conditions on the course and prognosis of life in atrial fibrillation (AF) and coronary heart disease (CHD). The negative contribution of iron deficiency states to the development of exacerbations of CVD, an increase in the number of hospitalizations and an increase in the risk of death in these categories of patients is emphasized. Despite the known negative impact of iron deficiency conditions on the functional status and prognosis of patients with CVD, there is still insufficient data on the efficacy and safety of iron deficiency correction in patients with CVD.