Abstract
We describe the evolution of the IoT towards a heterogeneous multitopology network subject to dynamic change and volatility yet still capable of secure and dependable operation. As part of this evolution, we outline the key changes in wireless communications technologies and heterogeneous networking that have arisen during the development of the IoT. We briefly outline the emerging area of cyber–physical systems, and associated technical challenges. We then describe how IP convergence can be viewed as the narrow waist connecting endpoint devices and fieldbus devices with applications and services in new Industry 4.0, and cyber–physical system use cases. We outline how a protocol-packing approach can be used for encapsulating LoRaWAN frames with IEEE 802.15.4 and IEEE 802.11 frames. Extending this, we propose a method for ultracompressed IPv6 signaling, and detail how this can be achieved in an example low-power wide-area technology, namely LoRaWAN. To support our proposed approach, we provide real-world analyses where IPv6 commands undergo a process of ultracompression and are then conveyed to a LoRaWAN endpoint. We find that IPv6 command ultracompression can potentially support command packet sizes that are over 20x smaller than the reported worst-case maximum protocol data unit size of 81 bytes.
Highlights
The concept of the internet of things (IoT) has served as a precursor to what will likely lead to an evolved internet featuring decentralized adaptation, perceptive behaviors on a multiple-topology heterogeneous network infrastructure
Our IP-convergence model approach focused on IPv6 over a low-power wireless personal area network (6LoWPAN) as a baseline, which we extended further for ultracompressed IPv6 signaling
It originally was designed for low-power wireless personal area networks (LoWPANs) comprising devices that conformed to the IEEE 802.15.4-2003 standard
Summary
The concept of the internet of things (IoT) has served as a precursor to what will likely lead to an evolved internet featuring decentralized adaptation, perceptive behaviors on a multiple-topology heterogeneous network infrastructure. We envisage that networking comprising wireless and wired technologies will converge towards a single unifying encapsulation protocol, namely IPv6. Interconnecting heterogeneous networks and providing a service layer to support new applications and services is a critical ingredient in the evolving technology mix required to achieve these objectives. A converged IP layer on a heterogeneous network infrastructure is a necessary requirement to support the proliferation of future cyber–physical systems (CPS) targeted for new industrial/manufacturing and vehicular network use cases.
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