Abstract
Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is a new emerging concept and is an extended notion of Vehicular Ad-hoc networks (VANETs). In IoV the vehicles (nodes) are connected to the internet and able to transmit information. However, due to resources constraint nature of vehicles, they may not want to cooperate in order to save its own resources such as memory, energy, and buffer, etc. This behavior may lead to poor system performance. IoV needs an efficient solution to motivate the nodes in terms of cooperation to avoid selfish behavior. A novel mechanism Incentive and Punishment Scheme (IPS) has been proposed in this article where vehicles with higher weight and cooperation are elected as Heads during the election process. Vickrey, Clarke, and Groves (VCG) model has been used to scrutinize the weight of these heads. Vehicle participating in the election process can increase its incentives (reputation) by active participation (forwarding data). Vehicles with repeated selfish behavior are punished. The monitoring nodes monitor the performance of their neighbor nodes after the election process. A mathematical model and algorithms has been developed for the election, monitoring and incentive processes. The proposed approach has been simulated through VDTNSim environment to analyze the performance of the proposed IPS. The performance results demonstrate that the proposed schemes outperform the existing schemes in terms of packet delivery ratio, average delivery delay, average cost, and overhead.
Highlights
Social economy has improved the living standard of human life in recent years
Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is another form of the internet of things (IoT) in which vehicle is connected to the internet these days
The proposed approach has improved the network performance in term of packet delivery ratio, average delivery delay, average cost and overhead
Summary
Social economy has improved the living standard of human life in recent years. The increase in the number of vehicles has increased the number of accidents, especially in urban traffic. Umar et al [25] has proposed a game theoretic reward based technique which reduced a load of nodes in the network by encouraging them to behave in a cooperative manner This social aspect of the nodes is utilized by the researchers to tackle the routing and other issues like social selfishness in a network. The proposed IPS scheme makes payment to the nodes for (i) for active participation in the election process (ii) to forward data to the neighbor nodes (iii) to monitor the behavior of the nodes. These three are explained below in subsections. 6: After election votes are counted and nodes such as CH , ACH and IH are elected
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