Abstract
In recent years, a lot of IoT devices, wireless sensors, and smart things contain information that must be transmitted to the server for further processing. Due to the distance between devices, battery power, and the possibility of sudden device failure, the network that connects the devices must be scalable, energy efficient, and flexible. Particular attention must be paid to the protection of the transmitted data. The Bluetooth mesh was chosen as such a network. This network is built on top of Bluetooth Low-Energy devices, which are widespread in the market and whose radio modules are available from several manufacturers. This paper presents an overview of security mechanisms for the Bluetooth mesh network. This network provides encryption at two layers: network and upper transport layers, which increases the level of data security. The network uses sequence numbers for each message to protect against replay attacks. The introduction of devices into the network is provided with an encryption key, and the out-of-band (OOB) mechanism is also supported. At the moment, a comparison has been made between attacks and defense mechanisms that overlap these attacks. The article also suggested ways to improve network resiliency.
Highlights
Mechanisms in the Example of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE).Mesh network–network topology dynamically establishes the maximum possible number of connections between devices for efficient and resilient data transmission [1].Usually, mesh networks are based on several wireless technologies, such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Thread, and Zigbee [2,3,4,5]
We have experimentally demonstrated the possibility of denying a service attack on a Bluetooth Mesh network, which continuously transmits sequentially numbered messages to identify lost packets
Our experimental setup includes two developer boards nRF52840 [34] from Nordic Semiconductor working within the Bluetooth Mesh network; these devices are featured in [35] as a low-cost test bed, three SDR ADALMPLUTO [36] from Analog Devices, which all generate radio frequency interference on the same three channels
Summary
Mesh network–network topology dynamically establishes the maximum possible number of connections between devices for efficient and resilient data transmission [1]. Mesh networks are based on several wireless technologies, such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Thread, and Zigbee [2,3,4,5]. A mesh network based on Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is a popular solution [3,6] due to its high popularity, low cost, and low power consumption [3,7]. The main problem of building mesh networks is to ensure the security of data transmission [8]. Since the network can cover a large area [4], it is necessary to provide efficient protection against unauthorized access by intruders
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