Abstract
Today, a large portion of the human population around the globe has no access to freshwater for drinking, cooking, and other domestic applications. Water resources in numerous countries are becoming scarce due to over urbanization, rapid industrial growth, and current global warming. Water is often stored in the aboveground or underground tanks. In developing countries, these tanks are maintained manually, and in some cases, water is wasted due to human negligence. In addition, water could also leak out from tanks and supply pipes due to the decayed infrastructure. To address these issues, researchers worldwide turned to the Internet-of-Things (IoT) technology to efficiently monitor water levels, detect leakage, and auto refill tanks whenever needed. Notably, this technology can also supply real-time feedback to end-users and other experts through a webpage or a smartphone. Literature reveals a plethora of review articles on smart water monitoring, including water quality, supply pipes leakage, and water waste recycling. However, none of the reviews focus on the IoT-based solution to monitor water level, detect water leakage, and auto control water pumps, especially at the induvial level that form a vast proportion of water consumers worldwide. To fill this gap in the literature, this study presents a review of IoT-controlled water storage tanks (IoT-WST). Some important contributions of our work include surveying contemporary work on IoT-WST, elaborating current techniques and technologies in IoT-WST, targeting proper hardware, and selecting a secure IoT cloud server.
Highlights
Water is necessary for life on our planet
To fill this research gap, this study presents a review of the IoT-controlled water storage tanks (IoT-WST)
Due to the spatial limitations of wireless sensors network (WSN) technology, sensor nodes are monitored through a local server
Summary
Water is necessary for life on our planet. Seventy-one percent of the earth’s surface is covered with water. Given the overall challenges in the fresh water supply crisis, preventing water wastage seems prudent but necessary In this respect, researchers are continuously working on designing and developing smart systems to detect water leakage in the supply lines, control water theft, and monitor water storage tanks [31,51,61,62]. Researchers are continuously working on designing and developing smart systems to detect water leakage in the supply lines, control water theft, and monitor water storage tanks [31,51,61,62] In these global efforts, the topic of IoT-WST has gained more attention [31,34,59,60,63,64,65], and the following parameters are considered while designing a typical IoT-WST: Water 2022, 14, 309.
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