Abstract
Flexible ionogels with good mechanical properties were obtained in situ by thiol-ene photopolymerization of trimethylolpropane tris(3-mercaptopropionate) (TMPTP) and 1,3,5-triallyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione (TATT) (with C=C: SH ratio 1:1) in four imidazolium ionic liquids (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide—EMImNTf2, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate-EMImOTf, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide-BMImNTf2, and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate—BMImOTf) used in the range 50 to 70 wt.%. The mechanical and electrochemical properties of obtained ionogels were examined. Ionogels with ionic liquids (ILs) with NTf2− anion are more puncture resistant than with OTf− anion. Moreover, ionogels with the NTF2− anion have better electrochemical properties than those with the OTf− anion. Although it should be noted that ionogels with the EMIm+ cation have a higher conductivity than the BMIm+. This is connected with intermolecular interactions between polymer matrix and IL related to the polarity of IL described by the Kamlet-Taft parameters. These parameters influence the morphology of the polymer matrix (as shown by the SEM micrograph), which is formed by interconnected polymer spheres.
Highlights
The development of civilization, with its increasing demand for electricity, is contributing to the development of energy storage devices, like electrochemical capacitors (EC), called supercapacitors
We have developed a method of synthesizing much thinner ionogels, with a thickness off 250 μm, and examined their mechanical and electrochemical properties as a function of the ionic liquids (ILs) content and its type
Thiol-ene photopolymerization of TMPTP and TATT in an IL was used to obtain thin, flexible, quite mechanically strong ionogels, i.e., which can be twisted or rolled-up without suffering damage. These materials are characterized by high capacitance and energy. This method is convenient for the in-situ synthesis of ionogels which can be used as gel polymer electrolytes (GPE)
Summary
The development of civilization, with its increasing demand for electricity, is contributing to the development of energy storage devices, like electrochemical capacitors (EC), called supercapacitors. IL electrolytes can operate in a wide potential window of approximately 3.0–4.0 V [4] and have high thermal and chemical stability, low vapor pressure, they are non-inflammable because such electrolytes do not contain flammable solvents, such as acetonitrile. This makes ILs safe electrolytes even for high-temperature applications [12]
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