Abstract

The structural and compositional properties of tin halide perovskites (CH(NH2)2SnI3, FASnI3) with and without an ionic liquid of 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluormethylsulfonyl) imide (EMITFSI) were investigated using the scanning transmission soft X-ray microscopy (STXM) and spectro-ptychography techniques at the Sn M5,4-edge, I M5,4-edge, O K-edge, C K-edge, and N K-edge. The study offers a comprehensive interpretation of the spectral characteristics of main components (C, N, Sn, and I) in Sn-based perovskites through STXM-based techniques and further reveals differences between the perovskite samples with and without adding EMITFSI ionic liquid. The chemical imaging of Sn and I shows that the perovskite sample without ionic liquid has Sn-rich regions in iodine cavities, while the ionic liquid-treated sample exhibits a more homogeneous perovskite phase. Furthermore, the C and N K-edge XANES resonance features support the interaction between the non-volatile ionic liquid and FA+, thus playing a protective role in the formation and stabilization of perovskite phase.

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