Abstract
Abstract The present work aimed at describing and characterizing the physical-chemical composition and the Na+: K+ and Ca+2: Mg+2 ratios of well waters used to fill L. vannamei culture ponds, belonging to farms located in Jaguaruana, an interior municipality of the State of Ceará, Brazil. Besides that, the study also sought to describe and characterize the physical-chemical properties of soils from the same shrimp farms. Well water and soil samples were taken in four farms, three located in Jaguaruana (Pasta Branca, Sargento and Poró) and one in the municipality of Aracati, which served as a control. Water samples were analyzed for pH, specific conductance, salinity, total alkalinity, total and calcium hardness, potassium and sodium. Soil samples were analyzed for pH, specific conductance, salinity, potential acidity, phosphorus, organic carbon, total nitrogen, sodium and potassium. The well waters from Aracati, Pasta Branca/Sargento and Poró were classified as euhaline, oligohaline and mesohaline, respectively. The results of pH indicated that liming was necessary in all four farms. All well waters demanded potassium fertilization to compensate for K+ deficiency and to adjust Na: K ratio. It has been concluded that, in the productive management of inland shrimp farms, it is important to monitor not only the Na: K and Ca: Mg ratios of the water, but also the absolute concentrations of each ion.
Highlights
Nowadays, several countries, such as China, Egypt, Australia, India, Brazil, Ecuador, the United States and Mexico, carry out commercial inland shrimp farming operations
Except for some wells, the total alkalinity (TA) and total hardness (TH) of the oligohaline wells were suitable for shrimp farming (125.2 ± 36.7 mg L-1; 204 ± 61 mg L-1, respectively)
The TA and TH of the mesohaline wells were acceptable for L. vannamei rearing (185.8 ± 7.2 mg L-1; 1956 ± 499 mg L-1, respectively)
Summary
Several countries, such as China, Egypt, Australia, India, Brazil, Ecuador, the United States and Mexico, carry out commercial inland shrimp farming operations. In 2014, almost 30% of the 2.7 million tons of shrimps and prawns produced by aquaculture came from farms located far from the coast[1]. In Brazil, the States of Ceará and Rio Grande do Norte are the main producers of cultured shrimp. In Jaguaruana, the shrimp farms produced approximately 5,000 tons of Litopenaeus vannamei in 2015(2). Jaguaruana has the greatest number of active shrimp farms in the Ceará, over 200 properties[3]. Out of 590 shrimp farms operating in Ceará, more than 250 units are in municipalities far from the coast, such as Alto Santo, Jaguaribara and Limoeiro do Norte
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