Abstract
AbstractAs global warming and climate change is occurring all over the world, waterlogging/flooding has become a serious stress for plant growth. The metabolic changes and morphological changes such as aerenchyma formation, adventitious root formation and shoot/internodes elongation are involved in plants to survive under flooded condition. Ethylene is the first signal to initiate these metabolic and morphological changes. Auxin mainly regulates adventitious root formation and aerenchyma formation through its transport and signal transduction. Gibberellin has been reported to have a major role in controlling shoot elongation and adventitious root formation, while abscisic acid is considered as a negative regulator of the morphological development upon flooding, such as shoot/internode elongation and adventitious root emergence. The interaction between ethylene and other hormones is also important in flooding responses. Ethylene regulates aerenchyma formation through reactive oxygen species-induced programmed cell death, and it acts synergistically with auxin to control adventitious root formation. It also acts synergistically with gibberellin and antagonistically with abscisic acid in regulating adventitious root formation and shoot/internode elongation. In this review, we summarize recent progress in hormonal regulation of flooding responses in plants.KeywordsAbscisic acidAnatomical responseAuxinEthyleneFloodingGibberellinHormone interplayWaterlogging
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