Abstract
In recent years, climate change has driven the development of renewable energy sources. As a result, an increase in need for storage technologies to complement large scale implementation of solar and wind power has been realized. Targeting the diversification of storage technologies and the provision of consistent power for the energy grid, Sumitomo Electric Industries has been expanding resources into the development of the redox flow battery.Lately we have had some success installing Vanadium based Redox Flow batteries worldwide, with projects in Belgium, Morroco, Taiwan, and USA. One of the most recent projects, a microgrid project in Ouarzazate, Morocco, features a 125kW by 4h flow battery system with PVs and continues to run in collaboration with our partners UNIDO (United Nation Industrial Development Organization) and Masen. Projects including a 1.5MWh system in Belgium, an 8MW system in California, and a 60MW system in Hokkaido, are reported to have had no significant difficulties in operation thus far.Looking forward with research, possibilities in exploring low-cost electrolytes are currently being pursued. We at Sumitomo Electric Industries are pushing forward research of a Titanium Manganese flow battery. So far, success in scaling up lab scale results to a 10 kW class cell stack has been realized, confirming an energy density of 14 kWh/m3 over 139 cycles with an energy efficiency of 82.5% at a current density of 200 mA/cm^2; however, during these cycles a decrease in OCV was observed. It was hypothesized that the decrease observed OCV is reflective of the disproportionation reaction of Mn3+ (the charged state of the active ion in the positive electrolyte) into MnO2 solid precipitate. To test this hypothesis, recovery of OCV was shown by the discharge of electrolyte to low SOCs for extended periods of time. This has prompted our further research and development into methods to control precipitation of MnO2 and subsequently improve the TiMn electrolyte for redox flow battery technologies.
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